The MUSCLES Extension for Atmospheric Transmission Spectroscopy: UV and X-Ray Host-star Observations for JWST ERS & GTO Targets

Abstract

X-ray through infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are essential for understanding a star’s effect on exoplanet atmospheric composition and evolution. We present a catalog of panchromatic SEDs, hosted on the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes, for 11 exoplanet-hosting stars that have guaranteed JWST observation time as part of the ERS or GTO programs but have no previous UV characterization. The stars in this survey range from spectral type F4-M6 (0.14–1.57 M _☉ ), rotation periods of 4–132 days, and ages of approximately 0.5–11.4 Gyr. The SEDs are composite spectra using data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton, the Hubble Space Telescope, BT-Settl stellar atmosphere models, and scaled spectra of proxy stars of similar spectral type and activity. From our observations, we have measured a set of UV and X-ray fluxes as indicators of stellar activity level. We compare the chromospheric and coronal activity indicators of our exoplanet-hosting stars to the broader population of field stars and find that a majority of our targets have activity levels lower than the average population of cool stars in the solar neighborhood. This suggests that using SEDs of stars selected from exoplanet surveys to compute generic exoplanet atmosphere models may underestimate the typical host star’s UV flux by an order of magnitude or more, and consequently, that the observed population of exoplanetary atmospheres receive lower high-energy flux levels than the typical planet in the solar neighborhood.

Keywords

• Dwarf stars
• Exoplanet atmospheres
• Hubble Space Telescope
• James Webb Space Telescope
• Ultraviolet spectroscopy
• Planet hosting stars