The COVID-19 Pandemic and Coronary Angiography for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Use of Mechanical Support, and Mechanical Complications in Canada: A Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology National Survey
Stéphane Rinfret, MD, SM,
Israth Jahan, BSc,
Kevin McKenzie,
Nandini Dendukuri, PhD,
Kevin R. Bainey, MD, MSc,
Samer Mansour, MD,
Madhu Natarajan, MD,
Luiz F. Ybarra, MD, PhD, MBA,
Aun-Yeong Chong, BSc, MBBS, MD, MRCP,
Simon Bérubé, MD,
Robert Breton, MD,
Michael J. Curtis, MD,
Josep Rodés-Cabau, MD,
Amlani Shy (Shoaib), MD,
Alireza Bagherli, MD,
Warren Ball, MD,
Alan Barolet, MD, PhD,
Hussein K. Beydoun, MD,
Neil Brass, MD,
Albert W. Chan, MD, MSc,
Franco Colizza, MD,
Christian Constance, MD,
Neil P. Fam, MD, MSc,
François Gobeil, MD,
Tinouch Haghighat, MD,
Steven Hodge, MD,
Dominique Joyal, MD,
Hahn Hoe Kim, MD, CM,
Sohrab Lutchmedial, MD,
Andrea MacDougall, MD,
Paul Malik, MD,
Steve Miner, MD,
Kunal Minhas, BSc, MD,
Jason Orvold, MD,
Donald Palisaitis, MD,
Brendan Parfrey, MD,
Jean-Michel Potvin, MD,
Geoffrey Puley, MD,
Sam Radhakrishnan, MD,
Marco Spaziano, MD,
Jean-François Tanguay, MD,
Ram Vijayaraghaban, MD,
John G. Webb, MD,
Rodney H. Zimmermann, MD,
David A. Wood,
James M. Brophy, MD, PhD
Affiliations
Stéphane Rinfret, MD, SM
Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Corresponding author: Dr Stéphane Rinfret, Emory St-Joseph's Hospital, Emory Heart and Vascular, 5665 Peachtree Dunwoody Rd NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30342, USA. Tel.: +1-404-778-5545.
Israth Jahan, BSc
Department of Medicine and Biostatistics, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Kevin McKenzie
Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Nandini Dendukuri, PhD
Department of Medicine and Biostatistics, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Kevin R. Bainey, MD, MSc
Division of Cardiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Samer Mansour, MD
Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Hôpital de la Cité-de-la-Santé, Laval, Quebec, Canada
Madhu Natarajan, MD
Division of Cardiology, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Luiz F. Ybarra, MD, PhD, MBA
Division of Cardiology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
Aun-Yeong Chong, BSc, MBBS, MD, MRCP
Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Simon Bérubé, MD
Division of Cardiology, CIUSSS de l'Estrie—CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Robert Breton, MD
Division of Cardiology, CIUSSS Saguenay Lac Saint Jean, Saguenay, Quebec, Canada
Michael J. Curtis, MD
Division of Cardiology, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Josep Rodés-Cabau, MD
Multidisciplinary Department of Cardiology, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Amlani Shy (Shoaib), MD
Division of Cardiology, William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
Alireza Bagherli, MD
Division of Cardiology, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
Warren Ball, MD
Division of Cardiology, Peterborough Regional Health Centre, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
Alan Barolet, MD, PhD
Division of Cardiology, University Health Network—Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Hussein K. Beydoun, MD
Division of Cardiology, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Neil Brass, MD
Division of Cardiology, CK Hui Heart Centre/Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Albert W. Chan, MD, MSc
Division of Cardiology, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
Franco Colizza, MD
Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Pierre-Boucher, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
Christian Constance, MD
Division of Cardiology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Neil P. Fam, MD, MSc
Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
François Gobeil, MD
Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Tinouch Haghighat, MD
Division of Cardiology, CISSSO—Hull Hospital, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
Steven Hodge, MD
Division of Cardiology, Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
Dominique Joyal, MD
Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Hahn Hoe Kim, MD, CM
Division of Cardiology, St-Mary's Regional Cardiac Care Centre, Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Sohrab Lutchmedial, MD
Division of Cardiology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
Andrea MacDougall, MD
Division of Cardiology, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
Paul Malik, MD
Division of Cardiology, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Steve Miner, MD
Division of Cardiology, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
Kunal Minhas, BSc, MD
Division of Cardiology, St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Jason Orvold, MD
Division of Cardiology, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Donald Palisaitis, MD
Division of Cardiology, Sacred Heart Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Brendan Parfrey, MD
Division of Cardiology, Health Sciences Centre, St-John's, Newfoundland, Canada
Jean-Michel Potvin, MD
Division of Cardiology, CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Geoffrey Puley, MD
Division of Cardiology, Trillium Health Centre, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Sam Radhakrishnan, MD
Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Marco Spaziano, MD
Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Jean-François Tanguay, MD
Division of Cardiology, Cardiology Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Ram Vijayaraghaban, MD
Division of Cardiology, Rouge Valley Centenary, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
John G. Webb, MD
Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Rodney H. Zimmermann, MD
Division of Cardiology, Regina General Hospital, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
David A. Wood
Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
James M. Brophy, MD, PhD
Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Background: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic first wave, reductions in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) invasive care, ranging from 23% to 76%, have been reported from various countries. Whether this change had any impact on coronary angiography (CA) volume or on mechanical support device use for STEMI and post-STEMI mechanical complications in Canada is unknown. Methods: We administered a Canada-wide survey to all cardiac catheterization laboratory directors, seeking the volume of CA use for STEMI performed during the period from March 1 2020 to May 31, 2020 (pandemic period), and during 2 control periods (March 1, 2019 to May 31, 2019 and March 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018). The number of left ventricular support devices used, as well as the number of ventricular septal defects and papillary muscle rupture cases diagnosed, was also recorded. We also assessed whether the number of COVID-19 cases recorded in each province was associated with STEMI-related CA volume. Results: A total of 41 of 42 Canadian catheterization laboratories (98%) provided data. There was a modest but statistically significant 16% reduction (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.84; 95% confidence interval 0.80-0.87) in CA for STEMI during the first wave of the pandemic, compared to control periods. IRR was not associated with provincial COVID-19 caseload. We observed a 26% reduction (IRR 0.74; 95% confidence interval 0.61-0.89) in the use of intra-aortic balloon pump use for STEMI. Use of an Impella pump and mechanical complications from STEMI were exceedingly rare. Conclusions: We observed a modest 16% decrease in use of CA for STEMI during the pandemic first wave in Canada, lower than the level reported in other countries. Provincial COVID-19 caseload did not influence this reduction. Résumé: Introduction: Après la première vague de la pandémie de COVID-19, de nombreux pays ont déclaré une réduction de 23 % à 76 % des soins invasifs de l'infarctus du myocarde avec élévation du segment ST (STEMI). On ignore si ce changement a entraîné des répercussions sur le volume d'angiographies coronariennes (AC) ou sur l'utilisation des dispositifs d'assistance mécanique lors de STEMI et des complications mécaniques post-STEMI au Canada. Méthodes: Nous avons réalisé un sondage pancanadien auprès de tous les directeurs de laboratoire de cathétérisme cardiaque pour obtenir le volume d'utilisation des AC lors des STEMI réalisées durant la période du 1er mars 2020 au 31 mai 2020 (période de pandémie) et durant 2 périodes témoins (1er mars 2019 au 31 mai 2019 et 1er mars 2018 au 31 mai 2018). Le nombre de dispositifs d'assistance ventriculaire gauche utilisés et le nombre de cas de communications interventriculaires et de ruptures du muscle papillaire diagnostiqués ont également été enregistrés. Nous avons aussi évalué si le nombre de cas de COVID-19 enregistrés dans chaque province était associé au volume d'AC liées aux STEMI. Résultats: Au total, 41 des 42 laboratoires canadiens de cathétérisme (98 %) ont fourni des données. Lors de la comparaison de la première vague de la pandémie aux périodes témoins, nous avons noté une réduction modeste, mais significative, sur le plan statistique de 16 % (ratio du taux d'incidence [RTI] 0,84; intervalle de confiance à 95 % 0,80-0,87) des AC lors de STEMI. Le RTI n’était pas associé au nombre provincial de cas de COVID-19. Nous avons observé une réduction de 26 % (RTI 0,74; intervalle de confiance à 95 % 0,61-0,89) de l'utilisation de pompes à ballonnet intra-aortique lors de STEMI. L'utilisation d'une pompe Impella et les complications mécaniques après les STEMI étaient extrêmement rares. Conclusions: Nous avons observé une diminution modeste de 16 % de l'utilisation des AC lors de STEMI durant la première vague de la pandémie au Canada, soit une diminution plus faible que ce que les autres pays ont signalé. Le nombre provincial de cas de COVID-19 n'a pas influencé cette réduction.