A single dose of oral nattokinase accelerates skin temperature recovery after cold water immersion: A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study

Abstract

Nattokinase (NK) intake may improve blood flow; however, its effects on skin temperature, which is predominantly controlled by skin surface blood flow, are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a single dose of NK on changes in skin temperature after cold water immersion. A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover intervention study was performed on nine healthy men. The participants were randomised to receive either a single dose of 2,000 fibrinolytic units (FU) of NK or a placebo with subsequent crossover. Two hours after supplementation, the participants immersed both hands in a water bath maintained at 10 °C for 1 min. Skin temperature, perceived coldness, cardiac output, and sympathetic nervous activity were measured before, during, and after water immersion. Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of treatment interaction on the skin temperature of the middle finger, palm, and back of the right hand (p < 0.05). These findings represented that the skin temperatures of the middle finger, palm, and back of the right hand immersed in the cold water were significantly dropped due to the cold water immersion, and then recovered more quickly by NK intake than by placebo intake. The results of the current study highlight the potential implications of NK for the prevention of excessive vasoconstriction. It may be more significant for those with cold-sensitive constitution, such as women and elderly. In contrast, the acute administration of 2,000 FU of NK did not affect changes in heart rate, cardiac output, sympathetic nervous activity compared with a placebo in healthy men.

Keywords

• Blood pressure
• Cardiac output
• Cold water immersion
• Peripheral circulation
• Sympathetic nervous activity
• Visual analogue scale