Effects of natural reduced water on cognitive functions in older adults: A RCT study
Takamitsu Shinada,
Keisuke Kokubun,
Yuji Takano,
Hikari Iki,
Koki Kobayashi,
Takeki Hamasaki,
Yasuyuki Taki
Affiliations
Takamitsu Shinada
Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Corresponding author.
Keisuke Kokubun
Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Management, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
Yuji Takano
Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Department of Psychology, University of Human Environments, Matsuyama, 790-0825, Japan
Hikari Iki
Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
Koki Kobayashi
Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
Takeki Hamasaki
Laboratory of Functional Water, Food and Energy, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
Yasuyuki Taki
Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
Oxidative stress and diabetes increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Natural reduced water contains active hydrogen (hydrogen radicals), eliminates reactive oxygen species, and has antidiabetic effects. However, whether natural reduced water affects human cognitive function is unknown. Therefore, we implemented a double-blind intervention experiment in which participants consumed 1 L of natural reduced water or tap water daily for 6 months. The participants were healthy older adults living in Japan. The intervention group showed significant improvements in cognitive functions of attention function (p < 0.01) and short-term memory (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the continuous intake of natural reduced water improves several cognitive functions.
