Anemia em crianças menores de dois anos atendidas nas unidades básicas de saúde no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil Anaemia in children under two years in basic health care units in the State of S. Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Foi realizado estudo com o objetivo de verificar a prevalência da anemia em crianças atendidas nas unidades básicas de saúde do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram estudadas 2.992 crianças de 6 a 23 meses de idade, atendidas dentro da demanda espontânea, em 160 unidades de saúde de 63 municípios das 5 Coordenações das Regiões de Saúde do Estado (CRS). O sangue foi coletado por punção venosa, e a hemoglobina dosada pelo método da cianometa-hemoglobina. Utilizou-se o critério da Organização Mundial de Saúde para caracterizar a anemia (Hb The present study sought to determine the prevalence of anemia in 2,992 children, aged between 6 and 23 months, who voluntarilly attended 160 Basis Health Care Units, located in 63 cities of the 5 Regional Health Coordinating areas of the State of S. Paulo, Brazil. Blood samples were collected by venous puncture and hemoglobin was measured by the cianometahemoglobin method. The WHO criteria for the diagnosis of anemia (Hb<1 1.0 g/dl) were used: 59.1% of the children were shown to be anemic, with prevalence varying from 47.8% to 68.7% in the 5 RHCs. RHC 1, which comprises the Greater S. Paulo Region, presented a prevalence of anemia significantly lower than the other 4 RHCs, wich cover the rest of the State. Hemoglobin levels 9.5 g/dl were found in 25.1% of the children. Anemia was more frequent in male children in male children, in those born, with a weight of less than 3,000 gr, in those who were breastfed for less than 2 months and in those that who presented some degree of energy deficient proteic malnutrition, according to Gomez's criteria. This is the first of a series of 4 articles whose purpose is the determining the prevalence of anemia in the State of S. Paulo and of testing the intervention alternatives with a view to curtailing the incidence of this pathology which today is the most prevalent nutritional disturbance in the world.

Keywords

• Anemia hipocrômica
• Hemoglobinas
• Anemia, hypochromic
• Hemoglobins