Augmented Reality as a Tool for Enhancing Neurosurgery: An Exploration of Mixed Reality Surgical Technologies

Abstract

The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the utility of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in neurosurgery in both enhancing surgical performance and subsequently improving patient outcomes. We identified papers that cover the use of AR/VR in neurosurgeries in a variety of clinical settings and surgical dilemmas, particularly highlighting how these advancements have improved tumor resections for neurosurgical oncologists and have aided in accurate placement of pedicle screws during spine cases. As a result of such improvements, patients may reap better postsurgical outcomes with shorter lengths of hospital stay. We also identified papers on resident education and communication among surgeons, identifying yet another fruitful avenue for these technologies. Despite such promising outcomes, challenges remain prior to acceptance into mainstream practice and widespread availability of these technologies, thus further research and development are crucial for future implementation.

Keywords

• neurosurgery
• neurosurgical oncology
• pedicle screw placement
• augmented reality
• virtual reality