Monitoring the Gene Pool of Sea-Buckthorn Cultivars (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) for Breeding in the Conditions of the Nonchernozem Zone of Russia

Abstract

The research materials of Hippophaerhamnoides L. cultivars in the Nonchernozem zone of Russia are presented in this paper. The issues of phenology, productivity and resistance to ecological factors of the environment are considered. It was found that the phenophases of the beginning of vegetation, ripening of berries, leaf fall, duration of fruiting and vegetation have a slight variation, i.e., the cultivars slightly differ in the calendar phenophase onset dates. At the beginning of the growing season, this phenophase can be divided into 3 groups: early (18-22 days – Botanicheskaya Aromatnaya, Botanicheskaya and Perchik), medium (23-26 Moskovskaya Ananasnaya, Botanicheskaya Lyubitelskaya, Gibrid Perchika and Lomonosov) and later (27-30 – Podarok Sadu and Vorobyovskaya) bud breaks. There are 3 groups of cultivars according to the duration of vegetation: short (171-174 days – Podarok Sadu, Moskovskaya Ananasnaya and Botanicheskaya), medium (175-178 – Botanicheskaya Lyubitelskaya, Gibrid Perchika, Vorobyevskaya, Otradnaya and Lomonosovskaya) and long (179-182 – Botanicheskaya Aromatnaya). The analysis of the sea-buckthorn cultivars yield showed that, on the average, it amounted to 85±21 c/ha with the variation of 88% over the years. The cultivars with the highest yield in c/ha units were identified as Botanicheskaya (109.48±30.06), Moskovskaya Ananasnaya (121.24±28.46) and Botanicheskaya Aromatnaya (151.74±34.58); the lowest in yield cultivars were Otradnaya (32.98±6.24), Podarok Sadu (52.48±14.72) and Gibrid Perchika (64.24±17.50). It was revealed that the cultivars berry mass in different years has a weak (0-17%) and average (22-27%) variation. Cultivars Lomonosovskaya (0.51±0.0 g) and Vorobyevskaya (0.58±0.1 g) had small fruits. The most winter-hardy cultivars were identified as Moskovskaya Ananasnaya, Botanicheskaya Aromatnaya, Botanicheskaya Perchik, Botanicheskaya Lyubitelskaya and Lomonosovskaya.