Hydroxyapatite supported caesium carbonate as a new recyclable solid base catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation in water

Abstract

The Knoevenagel condensation between aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate or malonic acid with hydroxyapatite supported caesium carbonate in water is described. HAP–Cs2CO3 was found to be a highly active, stable and recyclable catalyst under the reaction conditions.

Keywords

• ethyl cyanoacetate
• hydroxyapatite supported caesium carbonate
• Knoevenagel condensation
• malonic acid
• malononitrile