Report on Tests and Measurements of Hadronic Interaction Properties with Air Showers

Dembinski H.P.; Arteaga-Velázquez J.C.; Cazon L.; Conceição R.; Gonzalez J.; Itow Y.; Ivanov D.; Kalmykov N.N.; Karpikov I.; Müller S.; Pierog T.; Riehn F.; Roth M.; Sako T.; Soldin D.; Takeishi R.; Thompson G.; Troitsky S.; Yashin I.; Zadeba E.; Zhezher Y.

doi:10.1051/epjconf/201921002004

EPJ Web of Conferences (Jan 2019)

Report on Tests and Measurements of Hadronic Interaction Properties with Air Showers

Dembinski H.P.,
Arteaga-Velázquez J.C.,
Cazon L.,
Conceição R.,
Gonzalez J.,
Itow Y.,
Ivanov D.,
Kalmykov N.N.,
Karpikov I.,
Müller S.,
Pierog T.,
Riehn F.,
Roth M.,
Sako T.,
Soldin D.,
Takeishi R.,
Thompson G.,
Troitsky S.,
Yashin I.,
Zadeba E.,
Zhezher Y.

Affiliations

Dembinski H.P.: Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
Arteaga-Velázquez J.C.: Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Universidad Michoacana
Cazon L.: LIP
Conceição R.: LIP
Gonzalez J.: Bartol Institute, University of Delaware
Itow Y.: Nagoya University
Ivanov D.: High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah
Kalmykov N.N.: D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Karpikov I.: Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Müller S.: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Pierog T.: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Riehn F.: LIP
Roth M.: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Sako T.: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo
Soldin D.: Bartol Institute, University of Delaware
Takeishi R.: Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University
Thompson G.: High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah
Troitsky S.: Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Yashin I.: National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Zadeba E.: National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Zhezher Y.: D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921002004
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 210
p. 02004

Abstract

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We present a summary of recent tests and measurements of hadronic interaction properties with air showers. This report has a special focus on muon density measurements. Several experiments reported deviations between simulated and recorded muon densities in extensive air showers, while others reported no discrepancies. We combine data from eight leading air shower experiments to cover shower energies from PeV to tens of EeV. Data are combined using the z-scale, a unified reference scale based on simulated air showers. Energy-scales of experiments are cross-calibrated. Above 10 PeV, we find a muon deficit in simulated air showers for each of the six considered hadronic interaction models. The deficit is increasing with shower energy. For the models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04, the slope is found significant at 8 sigma.

Published in EPJ Web of Conferences

ISSN: 2100-014X (Online)
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Country of publisher: France
LCC subjects: Science: Physics
Website: http://www.epj-conferences.org/

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