Медицинский совет (Mar 2021)
Diagnosis and treatment of vascular cognitive impairments
Abstract
Vascular brain diseases are one of the leading causes of death and disability in developed countries. Along with acute disorders of cerebral circulation, chronic cerebrovascular disorders are of great medical and social importance, one of the main clinical manifestations is vascular cognitive impairments. The article discusses the pathogenetic and clinical variants of vascular cognitive impairments, presents their modern classification and approaches to diagnosis. The importance of the earliest possible diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairments is due to the fact that they can be one of the first manifestations of cerebrovascular insufficiency, before the development of clinically obvious strokes or cardiovascular diseases in general. Early diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairments is necessary both for the prevention of vascular and neurodegenerative dementia and for the prevention of strokes and other acute vascular episodes. A clinical example of non-stroke formation of mild vascular cognitive impairment is presented. Signs of cognitive impairments typical of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, such as a slowdown in the rate of mental activity and disorders of frontal executive functions in combination with behavioral and emotional disorders, are described. The article discusses the issues of treatment of vascular cognitive impairments, which should be comprehensive and include the correction of the underlying vascular disease, non-drug (regular physical activity, smoking cessation, cognitive training) and drug treatment methods aimed at improving cognitive functions. Possibilities of modern neuroprotective and symptomatic therapy of cognitive disorders, the place of EGb 761® in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairments are shown.
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