Векторы благополучия: экономика и социум (Dec 2021)
REGIONAL LABOR BEHAVIOR PROFILE OF THE OLDER PEOPLE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Abstract
The article analyzes the structure of employment of elderly people at the regional level. In the changing objective (reaching retirement age) and subjective (experiencing the transition to a new status and the adoption of new social role functions) conditions of structuring life activity, the employment of older people is also changing. Objective: to propose a typology of strategies for labor behavior at the pre-retirement stage and the stage of retirement based on the identification of motivation to engage in labor activity. Methods: analysis of sociological survey data, descriptive statistics. Sociological surveys were conducted from 2015 to 2019 in the city of Tomsk and the Tomsk region by the staff of the International Scientific and Educational Laboratory of Technologies for Improving the Well-Being of Elderly People at the Tomsk Polytechnic University and allowed forming an empirical basis for the study. The main results of sociological measurement were obtained using the statistical package SPSS-26. Results and conclusions. The analysis of the data of the sociological survey made it possible to reveal the patterns and forms of labor behavior preferred by people, a typology was carried out and a profile of the labor behavior of the older population of the Tomsk region in the context of income inequality was compiled. There are four types of labor behavior, indicators, their characteristics, subjective and objective factors. It is concluded that it is necessary to build a new model of life path in which an elderly person would not be in the position of a dependent, but would be considered as an independent, active member of society, which is the focus of the international active longevity program and the program for the implementation of action strategies in the interests of elderly citizens in the Russian Federation until 2025. The results obtained will make it possible to form the institutional conditions for involving older people in the socio-economic system. It is concluded that for this it is necessary to ensure the economic independence of an elderly person by creating conditions for prolonging working life in accordance with the desire and ability to continue active work, as well as by accumulating capital during working life that provides a high income after leaving the field of employment, which will contribute to increasing the resilience of an elderly person and smoothing inequality.
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