Indian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (Nov 2024)
Characteristics of Plantar Pressure Distribution in Diabetes Population with or without Peripheral Neuropathy
Abstract
Introduction: Early identification of areas prone to diabetic foot ulcers during the initial stages of diabetes is crucial. This proactive approach can significantly reduce the risk of severe complications and improve overall foot health management for individuals with diabetes. Objective: This research aimed to pinpoint areas at risk for diabetic foot ulcers during the early stages of diabetes. Moreover, evaluated the plantar pressure in diabetic individuals, both with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 76 patients with diabetes mellitus who visited the outpatient department at the Government Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chennai, from September 2023 to January 2024. The assessment was conducted using the OHM 3000 series pedobarography in conjunction with the Michigan Neuro screening tool to identify Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. This involved a thorough evaluation of plantar pressure across forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot regions. Results: The study included 76 participants with a mean age of 53 ± 11.65 years, and 64% were female. Comparing those with DPN, 13 were male and 23 were female, whereas amongst the 40 without DPN, 14 were male and 26 were female. DPN participants had a mean age of 57 ± 10 years, BMI of 28.16 ± 4.82 kg/m2, while those without DPN had a mean age of 50 ± 12 years, BMI of 26.60 ± 4.39 kg/m2. Significant differences in pressure points were found, notably in left second metatarsal head pressure, right forefoot pressure, right great toe pressure and left hindfoot pressure with distinct weight distribution patterns between DPN and non-DPN participants. Conclusion: The non-invasive method of pedobarography provides precise insight into plantar pressure distribution, enabling effective intervention.
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