Российский паразитологический журнал (May 2016)
Methodical guidelines for prevention of nematodosis in cattle by different li-vestock housing practices
Abstract
In recent years nematodosis in cattle are widely spread over the central part of Russia that seems to be caused by several anthropogenic factors. Based on results of study of 686 heads at stall-pasture housing, 289 heads at all year round stall housing, 334 heads at all year round stall housing with herding to paddocks and 127 heads at stall-pasture housing on deep litter it was found that the cattle at stall- pasture housing was the most infected with nematodes. Extensity of invasion (EI) of animals with nematodes at pasture and stall housing makes 28,53 %, at all year round stall housing - 5,46, at all year round stall housing with herding to paddocks - 10,19, stall-pasture housing on deep litter - 40,94 %. No significant difference in invasion of tethered and not tethered animals is found. Significant difference in invasion of cattle at various types of housing technology is determined. It was pointed out that cattle at stall-pasture housing was most infected with nematodes. The stall housing significantly prevents infection of cattle with biohelminths in- cluding nematodes spreading on pastures. Taking into account that cattle at stall- pasture housing is most infected with nematodes we suggest to conduct treatment and preventive measures in order to decrease the invasion level and prevent cattle invasion. Besides common veterinary sanitary measures the measure schedule of stall-pasture housing includes dehelmitization of grazing calves (weeks 6 and 19) and young cattle - in spring and autumn - treatment with aversekt 2 and other ne- matodocides; change of grazing areas every 5-7 days in summer period; cleaning of farm and stalls from dung; sanitation of premises; improvement of watering places; using of cultivated pastures; carrying out a random examination of calves and young cattle for eggs and larvae of nematodes every 45-50 days after begin- ning of grazing season; cleaning of premises, biometric treatment of dung; check study of faeces of youngstock in autumn. In case of detection of infected cattle the dehelmitization should be conducted any season. It is recommended to take the same measures at stall-pasture housing on deep litter. Special attention should be paid here to cleaning of deep litter at the end of stall period and sanitation of pre- mises. Effectiveness of health measures in case of gastrointestinal strongyloidiasis and dictyocaulosis in young cattle of the first grazing year depends not only on ac- tivity of anthelmintics but also on terms of their application. Good results are ob- tained when medicines are applied twice on 6 and 13th grazing week; this allowed to prevent invasion of animals and clinical presence of strongyloidiasis.
