Recent advances in green synthesized nanoparticles for bactericidal and wound healing applications
Shankar Nisha Nandhini,
Natarajan Sisubalan,
Arumugam Vijayan,
Chandrasekaran Karthikeyan,
Muniraj Gnanaraj,
Daniel Andrew M. Gideon,
Thomas Jebastin,
Kokkarachedu Varaprasad,
Rotimi Sadiku
Affiliations
Shankar Nisha Nandhini
PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Natarajan Sisubalan
Department of Botany, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affi. to Bharathidasan University, Trichy, 620017, Tamil Nadu, India; Corresponding author. Department of Botany, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affi. to Bharathidasan University, Trichy, 620017, Tamil Nadu, India.;
Arumugam Vijayan
Department of Microbiology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tiruchirappalli Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 621105, TN, India
Chandrasekaran Karthikeyan
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
Muniraj Gnanaraj
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620 017, India
Daniel Andrew M. Gideon
Department of Biochemistry, St. Joseph's University, Langford Road, Bengaluru, 560027, Karnataka, India
Thomas Jebastin
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620 017, India
Kokkarachedu Varaprasad
Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Deseno, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, 4080871, Chile; Corresponding author. Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, 4080871, Chile.;
Rotimi Sadiku
Institute of Nano Engineering Research (INER), Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (Polymer Division), Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Staatsarillerie Rd, Pretoria, 1083, South Africa
Nanotechnology has become an exciting area of research in diverse fields, such as: healthcare, food, agriculture, cosmetics, paints, lubricants, fuel additives and other fields. This review is a novel effort to update the practioneers about the most current developments in the widespread use of green synthesized nanoparticles in medicine. Biosynthesis is widely preferred among different modes of nanoparticle synthesis since they do not require toxic chemical usage and they are environment-friendly. In the green bioprocess, plant, algal, fungal and cyanobacterial extract solutions have been utilized as nucleation/capping agents to develop effective nanomaterials for advanced medical applications. Several metal salts, such as silver, zinc, titanium and other inorganic salts, were utilized to fabricate innovative nanoparticles for healthcare applications. Irrespective of the type of wound, infection in the wound area is a widespread problem. Micro-organisms, the prime reason for wound complications, are gradually gaining resistance against the commonly used antimicrobial drugs. This necessitates the need to generate nanoparticles with efficient antimicrobial potential to keep the pathogenic microbes under control. These nanoparticles can be topically applied as an ointment and also be used by incorporating them into hydrogels, sponges or electrospun nanofibers. The main aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances in the Ag, ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles with possible wound healing applications, coupled with the bactericidal ability of a green synthesis process.
