Multivariate analysis of poor outcome after anterior surgery in multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients with heterotopic ossification and preoperative kyphotic alignment

Abstract

ShaoQing Li,1 BaoYang Zhang,2 Yong Shen,2 ZhanYong Wu11Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Orthopedics Hospital of XingTai City, XingTai 054000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: ZhanYong WuDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, The Orthopedics Hospital of XingTai City, No. 202 Bayi Road, XingTai 054000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel [phone]Fax [phone]Email [email protected]: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for poor outcome in patients who underwent multi-segmental anterior surgery, and analyze postoperative complications.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 158 patients after anterior surgery due to multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (m-CSM) between June 2008 and June 2016. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Cutoff values and the area under the curve for continuous risk factors were calculated through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The chi-squared test was performed for the comparison of complications among the three surgical groups.Results: By analyzing 105 patients with good outcome and 53 patients with poor outcome, we established that the risk factors for poor outcome were advanced age (OR =1.12, P=0.003), longer duration of symptoms (OR =1.07, P=0.028), and bigger kyphotic angle at final follow-up (OR =1.29, P< 0.001). The optimal cutoff values for age, duration of symptoms, and kyphotic angle at final follow-up were 63.1 years, 15.5 months, and 5.3 angle. Postoperative complications occurred in 21 patients (13.3%). The incidence of dysphagia and cerebrospinal fluid leakage were higher in multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (m-ACDF) group than in other groups (P< 0.05).Conclusion: Advanced age, longer duration of symptoms, and bigger kyphotic angle at final follow-up were the risk factors for poor postoperative outcome in patients with m-CSM. The complications after hybrid approach and m-ACDF approach were less than after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion approach.Keywords: multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy, kyphotic, heterotopic ossification, hybrid approach, complication

Keywords

• Multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy
• Kyphotic
• Heterotopic ossification
• Hybrid approach
• Complication