Confirmation of epidemiological change trends of Salmonella infections in the United States in recrnt 50 years

Abstract

ObjectiveEvidence-based review of epidemiological change trends of Salmonella serotype infections in the United States in recent 50 years.MethodsTo collect and analyze 30 dominant Salmonella serotypes（including enteral and parenteral dominant serotypes） infected in humans and the ecologically dominant Salmonella serotypes in farmed animals （animal disease and non-animal disease groups） in the United States from 1968 to 2011， and analyze the big Salmonella serotypes data of National Enteric Salmonella Surveillance in the United States from 2006 to 2016. To correlate the Salmonella serotypes based on the outbreaks of Multistate foodborne and pet-borne disease in the United States from 2006 to 2017.ResultsThe United States has caused the formation of colonization and pathogenic ecological characteristics between some Salmonella serotypes and cultured animals based on the more and more developed breeding industry in the past 50 years. There is an exposure response relationship between the dominant Salmonella serotypes of colonized animals and the human infected. The long-term interaction between human and animal makes the dominant Salmonella serotypes highly match. In the past 50 years， the baseline of Salmonella infection in the population in the United States has been gradually increasing， The patients are most common in children and the elderly， the highest incidence in children under 1 year old， and more cases in the south and Midwest. In 2008， enteritis replaced typhimurium as the first human infection of Salmonella in the United States. The foods attributed to Salmonella multistate foodborne outbreaks have the consumption characteristics of transition from traditional meat， eggs， and milk to vegetables， ready-to-eat foods， fruits， etc. The Salmonella multistate pet-borne outbreaks， which have gradually increased since 2006 and are related to live animals such as domesticated reptiles， belong to behavioral ecotype infectious diseases， with longer duration， more dispersed cases and higher concealability than foodborne outbreaks.ConclusionTo summarizes the disease ecological characteristics of Salmonella in the United States， which can provide reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of salmonellosis between veterinarians and humans in China.

Keywords

• the epidemiology of salmonella serotype
• salmonella multistate foodborne disease
• salmonella multistate pet-borne outbreaks
• the ecological behavior of infectious diseases