Frontiers in Endocrinology (May 2022)
The Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Is Partly Dependent on Metabolic Health Status: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database Study
- Zhixiang Wang,
- Zhixiang Wang,
- Zhixiang Wang,
- Zhixiang Wang,
- Yiping Cheng,
- Yiping Cheng,
- Yiping Cheng,
- Yiping Cheng,
- Yuan Li,
- Yuan Li,
- Yuan Li,
- Yuan Li,
- Junming Han,
- Junming Han,
- Junming Han,
- Junming Han,
- Zhongshang Yuan,
- Qihang Li,
- Qihang Li,
- Qihang Li,
- Qihang Li,
- Fang Zhong,
- Fang Zhong,
- Fang Zhong,
- Fang Zhong,
- Yafei Wu,
- Yafei Wu,
- Yafei Wu,
- Yafei Wu,
- Xiude Fan,
- Xiude Fan,
- Xiude Fan,
- Xiude Fan,
- Tao Bo,
- Ling Gao,
- Ling Gao,
- Ling Gao,
- Ling Gao
Affiliations
- Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Zhixiang Wang
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Zhixiang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Zhixiang Wang
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Yiping Cheng
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Yiping Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Yiping Cheng
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Yiping Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Yuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Yuan Li
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Yuan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Yuan Li
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Junming Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Junming Han
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Junming Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Junming Han
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Qihang Li
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Qihang Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Qihang Li
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Qihang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Fang Zhong
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Fang Zhong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Fang Zhong
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Fang Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Yafei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Yafei Wu
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Yafei Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Yafei Wu
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Xiude Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Xiude Fan
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Xiude Fan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Xiude Fan
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Tao Bo
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Ling Gao
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Ling Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Ling Gao
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Ling Gao
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.880230
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
Abstract
ObjectiveSome studies have demonstrated a bidirectional association between obesity and depression, whereas others have not. This discordance might be due to the metabolic health status. We aimed to determine whether the relationship between obesity and depression is dependent on metabolic health status.MethodsIn total, 9,022,089 participants were enrolled and classified as one of four obesity phenotypes: metabolically healthy nonobesity (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy nonobesity (MUNO), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). We then divided the population into eight phenotypes based on obesity and the number of metabolic risk factors. Furthermore, the associations of eight phenotypes, based on obesity and specific metabolic risk factors, with depression were assessed.ResultAmong all participants, a higher risk of depression was observed for MUNO, MHO and MUO than for MHNO. The risk was highest for MUO (OR = 1.442; 95% CI = 1.432, 1.451). However, the association between MHO and depression was different for men and women (OR = 0.941, men; OR = 1.132, women). The risk of depression increased as the number of metabolic risk factors increased. Dyslipidemia was the strongest metabolic risk factor. These relationships were consistent among patients ≥ 45 years of age.ConclusionsThe increased risk of obesity-related depression appears to partly depend on metabolic health status. The results highlight the importance of a favorable metabolic status, and even nonobese populations should be screened for metabolic disorders.
Keywords
- metabolic obesity phenotype
- depression
- sex difference
- metabolic abnormalities
- age difference
- obesity phenotype
