Effects of Dietary Supplementation with <i>Bacillus subtilis natto</i> on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microorganisms of Red Sea Bream, <i>Pagrus major</i>
Yukun Zhang,
Manabu Ishikawa,
Shunsuke Koshio,
Saichiro Yokoyama,
Serge Dossou,
Weilong Wang,
Seok Seo,
Jiayi Chen,
Shuang Zheng,
Xiaoxiao Zhang
Affiliations
Yukun Zhang
Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Manabu Ishikawa
Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Shunsuke Koshio
Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Saichiro Yokoyama
Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Serge Dossou
Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie et Aquaculture, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques’, Université d’Abomey Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
Weilong Wang
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
Seok Seo
Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Jiayi Chen
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
Shuang Zheng
Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
Xiaoxiao Zhang
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
This study investigated the influence of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis natto (BSN) on various physiological parameters in red sea bream (Pagrus major). Key areas of focus included growth performance, enzymatic activity related to digestion, blood biochemical markers, immune function, and intestinal microorganisms. Fish were fed diets containing the following five levels of BSN: 0 (BN0), 1 × 107 (BN1), 1 × 108 (BN2), 1 × 109 (BN3), and 1 × 1010 (BN4) CFU kg−1 for 56 days. Fish in the BN3 and BN4 groups exhibited significantly enhanced growth performance compared to the BN0 group (p p p p p B. subtilis and Lactobacillus, along with a notable decrease in Escherichia coli, compared to all other groups (p 9 and 1 × 1010 CFU kg−1 shows promise in improving the growth, health, and immune response of red sea bream.
