International Medical Case Reports Journal (Apr 2024)
Kaposi’s Sarcoma with Primary Lymph Node Involvement in a Retroviral Infected (RVI) Patient
Abstract
Bizunesh Dires Fenta,1 Alazar Berhe Aregawi,2 Teketel Tadesse Geremew,1 Berhanu Kelemework Fenta3 1Department of Pathology, Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia; 2Department of Surgery, Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Yanet Internal Medicine Specialized Center, Hawassa, Sidama, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Alazar Berhe Aregawi, Tel +251911914624, Email [email protected]: One kind of angioproliferative disorder is Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Growth of spindle-shaped cells, edema, inflammation, and neoangiogenesis are its defining features. Because it lacks the typical indicators of malignancy, it is classified as an intermediate neoplasm. People who are immunocompromised, receiving organ transplants, or receiving antiretroviral therapy are linked to KS. Although lymph node involvement by KS is extremely uncommon, when it does occur, it usually manifests as either the epidemic form in (Human Immuno-deficiency) HIV-positive patients or the endemic form in Africans. There are four primary clinical manifestations of KS that have been documented: endemic, epidemic, iatrogenic, and classic. The diagnosis of KS is made by history, physical examination, and tissue biopsy. When treating localized disease, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may be sufficient to either improve or completely eradicate the illness. Nonetheless, chemotherapy and HAART would be necessary in the case of widespread illness. Here, we present the case of a 28-year-old female patient who is HIV positive and has a viral load that is not detected. She presented with generalized lymphadenopathy of 8 months duration. She had no cutaneous manifestations. The lymphadenopathy involved the tonsils, axilla, inguinal, and an unusual site, intraparotid on both sides. After a pathologic examination of the lymph nodes, she was found to have epidemic-type KS and was treated with HAART and chemotherapy. In our nation, we are not aware of any published case reports pertaining to a case like this. The purpose of this case report is to raise physicians’ awareness of this uncommon ailment and to encourage them to suspect KS when HIV patients exhibit generalized lymphadenopathy. The early initiation of systemic treatment is lifesaving for these patients.Keywords: Kaposi’s sarcoma, KS, Human immune-deficiency Virus, HIV, human herpes virus-8, Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome, AIDS, generalized lymphadenopathy
