Coalescence of functional gold and monodisperse silver nanoparticles mediated by black Panax ginseng Meyer root extract

Abstract

Dandan Wang,1 Josua Markus,2 Yeon-Ju Kim,1 Chao Wang,1 Zuly Elizabeth Jiménez Pérez,2 Sungeun Ahn,1 Verónica Castro Aceituno,1 Ramya Mathiyalagan,2 Deok Chun Yang1,2 1Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, 2Department of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea Abstract: A rapid biological synthesis of multifunctional gold nanoparticle (AuNp) and monodisperse silver nanoparticle (AgNp) was achieved by an aqueous extract of black Panax ginseng Meyer root. The physicochemical transformation into black ginseng (BG) greatly enhanced the pharmacological activities of white ginseng and its minor ginsenoside content. The optimal temperature conditions and kinetics of bioreduction were investigated. Formation of BG-AuNps and BG-AgNps was verified by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry at 548 and 412 nm, respectively. The biosynthesized BG-AgNps were spherical and monodisperse with narrow distribution, while BG-AuNps were icosahedral-shaped and moderately polydisperse. Synthesized nanoparticles exhibited long-term stability in buffers of pH 7.0–8.0 and biological media (5% bovine serum albumin) at an ambient temperature and at 37°C. BG-AgNps showed effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. BG-AuNps and BG-AgNps demonstrated increased scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. In addition, BG-AuNps and BG-AgNps were nontoxic to HaCaT and MCF-7 cells; the latter showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 10 µg/mL. At higher concentrations, BG-AgNps exhibited apparent apoptotic activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line through reactive oxygen species generation and nuclear fragmentation. Keywords: gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, monodispersity, spectroscopy, cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity

Keywords

• Gold nanoparticles
• Silver Nanoparticles
• Monodispersity
• Spectroscopy
• Cytotoxicity
• Antioxidant activity
• Anticancer activity