Bioinspired Catechol‐Grafting PEDOT Cathode for an All‐Polymer Aqueous Proton Battery with High Voltage and Outstanding Rate Capacity

Abstract

Abstract Aqueous all‐polymer proton batteries (APPBs) consisting of redox‐active polymer electrodes are considered safe and clean renewable energy storage sources. However, there remain formidable challenges for APPBs to withstand a high current rate while maximizing high cell output voltage within a narrow electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes. Here, a capacitive‐type polymer cathode material is designed by grafting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with bioinspired redox‐active catechol pendants, which delivers high redox potential (0.60 V vs Ag/AgCl) and remarkable rate capability. The pseudocapacitive‑dominated proton storage mechanism illustrated by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation and electrochemical kinetics analysis is favorable for delivering fast charge/discharge rates. Coupled with a diffusion‐type anthraquinone‐based polymer anode, the APPB offers a high cell voltage of 0.72 V, outstanding rate capability (64.8% capacity retention from 0.5 to 25 A g−1), and cycling stability (80% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1), which is superior to the state‐of‐the‐art all‐organic proton batteries. This strategy and insight provided by DFT and ex situ characterizations offer a new perspective on the delicate design of polymer electrode patterns for high‐performance APPBs.

Keywords

• all‐organic batteries
• aqueous proton batteries
• catechol
• poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)
• polymer electrodes