Features of the Immune Response in COVID-19

Abstract

BACKGROUND This review is devoted to the analysis of the features of the immune response in COVID-19. The review indicates the clinical manifestations of COVID-19, modern data on the immunopathogenesis of the disease and its complications are considered.Aim of STUDY To clarify some pathogenetic mechanisms of the immune response in COVID-19, which can help in creating an algorithm for examining patients for early prognosis and prevention of severe course and complications of the disease.MATERIAL AND METHODS To achieve this goal, the results of domestic and foreign scientific studies on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 were analyzed. The literature search was carried out in electronic search engines Scopus and PubMed. For the analysis, scientific articles published in the period from 2019 to 2021 were selected; 88% of analyzed works are not older than 5 years.CONCLUSION The late production of type I IFN, an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory monocytes, a decrease in the expression of HLA-DR on monocytes, violation of the presentation of the virus and the formation of specific lymphocytes, the death of T-lymphocytes and profound immunosuppression are of greatest importance for the development of a severe form of COVID-19.

Keywords

• covid-19
• cytokine storm
• antigen-presenting cells
• monocytes
• hla-dr
• t-lymphocytes
• il
• ifn