Risk Factors for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Good‐Grade Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Abstract

Background A subset of good‐grade patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) develop delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) that may cause permanent disabilities after aSAH. However, little is known about the risk factors of DCI among this specific patient group. Methods and Results We obtained a multinational cohort of good‐grade (Glasgow Coma Scale 13–15 on admission) patients with aSAH by pooling patient data from 4 clinical trials and 2 prospective cohort studies. We collected baseline data on lifestyle‐related factors and the clinical characteristics of aSAHs. By calculating fully adjusted risk estimates for DCI and DCI‐related poor outcome, we identified the most high‐risk patient groups. The pooled study cohort included 1918 good‐grade patients with aSAH (median age, 51 years; 64% women), of whom 21% and 7% experienced DCI and DCI‐related poor outcome, respectively. Among men, patients with obesity and (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) thick aSAH experienced most commonly DCI (33%) and DCI‐related poor outcome (20%), whereas none of the normotensive or young (aged <50 years) men with low body mass index (body mass index <22.5 kg/m2) had DCI‐related poor outcome. In women, the highest prevalence of DCI (28%) and DCI‐related poor outcome (13%) was found in patients with preadmission hypertension and thick aSAH. Conversely, the lowest rates (11% and 2%, respectively) were observed in normotensive women with a thin aSAH. Conclusions Increasing age, thick aSAH, obesity, and preadmission hypertension are risk factors for DCI in good‐grade patients with aSAH. These findings may help clinicians to consider which good‐grade patients with aSAH should be monitored carefully in the intensive care unit.

Keywords

• aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
• body mass index
• delayed cerebral ischemia
• good‐grade patients
• hypertension
• obesity