Вестник археологии, антропологии и этнографии (Dec 2017)
An attempt to reconstruct the original landscapes using a large-scale mapping of the territory of the Andreevskoe lake system (interfluve of the Tura and Pyshma rivers)
Abstract
The retrospective analysis of geosystems is one of the most important methods of implementation of the historicism principle and assessment of conditions of use of the nature in the Holocene. The initial stage of such studies is analysis of the modern landscape structure and its detailed mapping. The purpose of the research is to develop methods for inventory and mapping of modern landscapes in the reconstruction of the original (natural) properties of anthropogenic complexes based on the interpretation of the Earth remote sensing data using geoinformation systems. The paper presents the results of a large-scale mapping of the restored landscapes of the territory of the Andreevskoe lake system (the interfluve of the Tura and Pyshma rivers). In the process of inventory and mapping of the landscape structure, special attention was paid to the definition of invariant features of landscapes. Vegetation and microrelief are the defining properties in the selection of species of the tracts. In the course of the landscape study, based on heterogeneous materials (space images, topographic maps, field surveys), 170 species of tracts belonging to 9 types of terrain were identified. Based on the experience of deciphering natural complexes and geobotanical studies using DDZ, the spectral angle methods (Spectral angle) and the maximum likelihood method (Maximum Likelihood). Classification with training was carried out in the following software packages: ArcGIS 10.3, ENVI 5.3 and Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin (SCP) module for QGIS 2.18.2. A large-scale map of reconstructed landscapes obtained in digital form is a necessary basic element for spatial modeling and further studies of the life support system and dynamics of the ancient population of the Andreevskoye Lake system and the adjacent territory of the Tura and Pyshma interfluve. A detailed cartographic database contains detailed information on the relief, type of soil and vegetation for each elementary landscape allotment, which will continue to use the resulting map as a factual basis for the evaluation of the territory resource base of the ancient and the modern population. Creation of a cartographic database by means of geoinformation systems will further involve a variety of tools for modeling and spatial analysis to solve research (archaeological) problems.
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