Degradation of Xenobiotic Pollutants: An Environmentally Sustainable Approach
Rashi Miglani,
Nagma Parveen,
Ankit Kumar,
Mohd. Arif Ansari,
Soumya Khanna,
Gaurav Rawat,
Amrita Kumari Panda,
Satpal Singh Bisht,
Jyoti Upadhyay,
Mohd Nazam Ansari
Affiliations
Rashi Miglani
Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
Nagma Parveen
Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
Ankit Kumar
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal, Nainital 263136, Uttarakhand, India
Mohd. Arif Ansari
Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
Soumya Khanna
Department of Anatomy, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Gaurav Rawat
Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
Amrita Kumari Panda
Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gahira Guru University, Ambikapur 497001, Chhattisgarh, India
Satpal Singh Bisht
Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
Jyoti Upadhyay
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acre Campus Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
Mohd Nazam Ansari
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
The ability of microorganisms to detoxify xenobiotic compounds allows them to thrive in a toxic environment using carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen from the available sources. Biotransformation is the most effective and useful metabolic process to degrade xenobiotic compounds. Microorganisms have an exceptional ability due to particular genes, enzymes, and degradative mechanisms. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi have unique properties that enable them to partially or completely metabolize the xenobiotic substances in various ecosystems.There are many cutting-edge approaches available to understand the molecular mechanism of degradative processes and pathways to decontaminate or change the core structure of xenobiotics in nature. These methods examine microorganisms, their metabolic machinery, novel proteins, and catabolic genes. This article addresses recent advances and current trends to characterize the catabolic genes, enzymes and the techniques involved in combating the threat of xenobiotic compounds using an eco-friendly approach.
