The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
The JWST Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems I: High-contrast Imaging of the Exoplanet HIP 65426 b from 2 to 16 μm
- Aarynn L. Carter,
- Sasha Hinkley,
- Jens Kammerer,
- Andrew Skemer,
- Beth A. Biller,
- Jarron M. Leisenring,
- Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer,
- Simon Petrus,
- Jordan M. Stone,
- Kimberly Ward-Duong,
- Jason J. Wang,
- Julien H. Girard,
- Dean C. Hines,
- Marshall D. Perrin,
- Laurent Pueyo,
- William O. Balmer,
- Mariangela Bonavita,
- Mickael Bonnefoy,
- Gael Chauvin,
- Elodie Choquet,
- Valentin Christiaens,
- Camilla Danielski,
- Grant M. Kennedy,
- Elisabeth C. Matthews,
- Brittany E. Miles,
- Polychronis Patapis,
- Shrishmoy Ray,
- Emily Rickman,
- Steph Sallum,
- Karl R. Stapelfeldt,
- Niall Whiteford,
- Yifan Zhou,
- Olivier Absil,
- Anthony Boccaletti,
- Mark Booth,
- Brendan P. Bowler,
- Christine H. Chen,
- Thayne Currie,
- Jonathan J. Fortney,
- Carol A. Grady,
- Alexandra Z. Greebaum,
- Thomas Henning,
- Kielan K. W. Hoch,
- Markus Janson,
- Paul Kalas,
- Matthew A. Kenworthy,
- Pierre Kervella,
- Adam L. Kraus,
- Pierre-Olivier Lagage,
- Michael C. Liu,
- Bruce Macintosh,
- Sebastian Marino,
- Mark S. Marley,
- Christian Marois,
- Brenda C. Matthews,
- Dimitri Mawet,
- Michael W. McElwain,
- Stanimir Metchev,
- Michael R. Meyer,
- Paul Molliere,
- Sarah E. Moran,
- Caroline V. Morley,
- Sagnick Mukherjee,
- Eric Pantin,
- Andreas Quirrenbach,
- Isabel Rebollido,
- Bin B. Ren,
- Glenn Schneider,
- Malavika Vasist,
- Kadin Worthen,
- Mark C. Wyatt,
- Zackery W. Briesemeister,
- Marta L. Bryan,
- Per Calissendorff,
- Faustine Cantalloube,
- Gabriele Cugno,
- Matthew De Furio,
- Trent J. Dupuy,
- Samuel M. Factor,
- Jacqueline K. Faherty,
- Michael P. Fitzgerald,
- Kyle Franson,
- Eileen C. Gonzales,
- Callie E. Hood,
- Alex R. Howe,
- Masayuki Kuzuhara,
- Anne-Marie Lagrange,
- Kellen Lawson,
- Cecilia Lazzoni,
- Ben W. P. Lew,
- Pengyu Liu,
- Jorge Llop-Sayson,
- James P. Lloyd,
- Raquel A. Martinez,
- Johan Mazoyer,
- Paulina Palma-Bifani,
- Sascha P. Quanz,
- Jea Adams Redai,
- Matthias Samland,
- Joshua E. Schlieder,
- Motohide Tamura,
- Xianyu Tan,
- Taichi Uyama,
- Arthur Vigan,
- Johanna M. Vos,
- Kevin Wagner,
- Schuyler G. Wolff,
- Marie Ygouf,
- Xi Zhang,
- Keming Zhang,
- Zhoujian Zhang
Affiliations
- Aarynn L. Carter
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ; [email protected]
- Sasha Hinkley
- ORCiD
- University of Exeter , Astrophysics Group, Physics Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
- Jens Kammerer
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Andrew Skemer
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ; [email protected]
- Beth A. Biller
- ORCiD
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill , Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK; Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Jarron M. Leisenring
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory and the Department of Astronomy, The University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Simon Petrus
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso, Chile; Núcleo Milenio Formacíon Planetaria - NPF, Universidad de Valparaíso , Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso, Chile
- Jordan M. Stone
- ORCiD
- Naval Research Laboratory , Remote Sensing Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Kimberly Ward-Duong
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Smith College , Northampton, MA 01063, USA
- Jason J. Wang
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Julien H. Girard
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Dean C. Hines
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Marshall D. Perrin
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Laurent Pueyo
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- William O. Balmer
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Mariangela Bonavita
- ORCiD
- School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University , Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
- Mickael Bonnefoy
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique (IPAG) , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Gael Chauvin
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire J.-L. Lagrange, Université Cote d’Azur , CNRS, Observatoire de la Cote d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
- Elodie Choquet
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
- Valentin Christiaens
- ORCiD
- Space sciences, Technologies & Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège , Allée du Six Août 19c, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium
- Camilla Danielski
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008, Granada, Spain
- Grant M. Kennedy
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Elisabeth C. Matthews
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Brittany E. Miles
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ; [email protected]
- Polychronis Patapis
- ORCiD
- Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics , ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Shrishmoy Ray
- ORCiD
- University of Exeter , Astrophysics Group, Physics Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
- Emily Rickman
- ORCiD
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESA Office, Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Steph Sallum
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Karl R. Stapelfeldt
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Niall Whiteford
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History , Central Park West at 79th Street, NY 10024, USA
- Yifan Zhou
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Olivier Absil
- ORCiD
- Space sciences, Technologies & Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège , Allée du Six Août 19c, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium
- Anthony Boccaletti
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université Paris Cité , Sorbonne Université, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- Mark Booth
- ORCiD
- Astrophysikalisches Institut und Universitätssternwarte, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Schillergäßchen 2-3, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Brendan P. Bowler
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Christine H. Chen
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Thayne Currie
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas-San Antonio , 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, USA; Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 North A‘ohōkū Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- Jonathan J. Fortney
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ; [email protected]
- Carol A. Grady
- Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer. St., Suite 1, Oakland CA, 96402, USA
- Alexandra Z. Greebaum
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Thomas Henning
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kielan K. W. Hoch
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Markus Janson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Paul Kalas
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, 501 Campbell Hall, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA; SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center , 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View CA 94043, USA; Institute of Astrophysics , FORTH, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Matthew A. Kenworthy
- ORCiD
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Pierre Kervella
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université Paris Cité , Sorbonne Université, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- Adam L. Kraus
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Pierre-Olivier Lagage
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Michael C. Liu
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822, USA
- Bruce Macintosh
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Sebastian Marino
- ORCiD
- Jesus College, University of Cambridge , Jesus Lane, Cambridge CB5 8BL, UK; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
- Mark S. Marley
- ORCiD
- Dept. of Planetary Sciences; Lunar & Planetary Laboratory; Univ. of Arizona ; Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Christian Marois
- ORCiD
- National Research Council of Canada , Canada
- Brenda C. Matthews
- ORCiD
- Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre , National Research Council of Canada, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
- Dimitri Mawet
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Michael W. McElwain
- ORCiD
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Stanimir Metchev
- ORCiD
- Western University , Department of Physics & Astronomy and Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Michael R. Meyer
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Paul Molliere
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Sarah E. Moran
- ORCiD
- Dept. of Planetary Sciences; Lunar & Planetary Laboratory; Univ. of Arizona ; Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Caroline V. Morley
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Sagnick Mukherjee
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ; [email protected]
- Eric Pantin
- ORCiD
- IRFU/DAp Département D’Astrophysique CE Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Andreas Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Königstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Isabel Rebollido
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Bin B. Ren
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique (IPAG) , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Glenn Schneider
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory and the Department of Astronomy, The University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Malavika Vasist
- ORCiD
- Space sciences, Technologies & Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège , Allée du Six Août 19c, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium
- Kadin Worthen
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Mark C. Wyatt
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
- Zackery W. Briesemeister
- ORCiD
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Marta L. Bryan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, 501 Campbell Hall, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Per Calissendorff
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Faustine Cantalloube
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
- Gabriele Cugno
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Matthew De Furio
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Trent J. Dupuy
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
- Samuel M. Factor
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Jacqueline K. Faherty
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History , Central Park West at 79th Street, NY 10024, USA
- Michael P. Fitzgerald
- ORCiD
- University of California , Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza Box 951547, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA
- Kyle Franson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Eileen C. Gonzales
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University , 122 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Callie E. Hood
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ; [email protected]
- Alex R. Howe
- ORCiD
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Masayuki Kuzuhara
- ORCiD
- Astrobiology Center of NINS , 2-21-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan
- Anne-Marie Lagrange
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université Paris Cité , Sorbonne Université, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- Kellen Lawson
- ORCiD
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Cecilia Lazzoni
- ORCiD
- University of Exeter , Astrophysics Group, Physics Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
- Ben W. P. Lew
- ORCiD
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute and NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Pengyu Liu
- ORCiD
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill , Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK; Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Jorge Llop-Sayson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- James P. Lloyd
- Department of Astronomy and Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University , 122 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Raquel A. Martinez
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Johan Mazoyer
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université Paris Cité , Sorbonne Université, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- Paulina Palma-Bifani
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire J.-L. Lagrange, Université Cote d’Azur , CNRS, Observatoire de la Cote d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
- Sascha P. Quanz
- ORCiD
- Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics , ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Jea Adams Redai
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Matthias Samland
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Joshua E. Schlieder
- ORCiD
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Motohide Tamura
- ORCiD
- The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Xianyu Tan
- ORCiD
- Atmospheric, Ocean, and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , UK
- Taichi Uyama
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Arthur Vigan
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
- Johanna M. Vos
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History , Central Park West at 79th Street, NY 10024, USA; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies , School of Cosmic Physics, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, D02 XF86, Ireland
- Kevin Wagner
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory and the Department of Astronomy, The University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Schuyler G. Wolff
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory and the Department of Astronomy, The University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Marie Ygouf
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Xi Zhang
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ; [email protected]
- Keming Zhang
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, 501 Campbell Hall, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Zhoujian Zhang
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acd93e
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 951,
no. 1
p. L20
Abstract
We present JWST Early Release Science coronagraphic observations of the super-Jupiter exoplanet, HIP 65426b, with the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) from 2 to 5 μ m, and with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) from 11 to 16 μ m. At a separation of ∼0.″82 (87 ${}_{-31}^{+108}$ au), HIP 65426b is clearly detected in all seven of our observational filters, representing the first images of an exoplanet to be obtained by JWST, and the first-ever direct detection of an exoplanet beyond 5 μ m. These observations demonstrate that JWST is exceeding its nominal predicted performance by up to a factor of 10, depending on separation and subtraction method, with measured 5 σ contrast limits of ∼1 × 10 ^−5 and ∼2 × 10 ^−4 at 1″ for NIRCam at 4.4 μ m and MIRI at 11.3 μ m, respectively. These contrast limits provide sensitivity to sub-Jupiter companions with masses as low as 0.3 M _Jup beyond separations of ∼100 au. Together with existing ground-based near-infrared data, the JWST photometry are fit well by a BT-SETTL atmospheric model from 1 to 16 μ m, and they span ∼97% of HIP 65426b's luminous range. Independent of the choice of model atmosphere, we measure an empirical bolometric luminosity that is tightly constrained between $\mathrm{log}\left({L}_{\mathrm{bol}}/{L}_{\odot }\right)$ = −4.31 and −4.14, which in turn provides a robust mass constraint of 7.1 ± 1.2 M _Jup . In totality, these observations confirm that JWST presents a powerful and exciting opportunity to characterize the population of exoplanets amenable to high-contrast imaging in greater detail.
Keywords
