Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока (Aug 2018)
The efficiency of continuous application of minimum soil tillage methods in crop rotations
Abstract
The studies were conducted in 2006...2017 on gray forest soils of the Chuvash Republic in two crop rotations (grain-crop and grain-crop green manure). The effectiveness of minimum methods of tillage (1st minimum - KOS-3.0 to a depth of 16 cm; 2nd minimum - BDM-3.2 to 16 cm; 3rd minimum - without autumn tillage) was studied in comparison with the classical method of autumn cultivation with plough PLN-3-35 to a depth of 26 cm. Spring soil cultivation in all variants was carried out with a combined implement Pauk-6 to a depth of 6 cm. Spring and winter wheat, as the solid soil culture, by the application of 1 and 2 minimal methods of tilling were not inferior in the yield to the classic method - 4.12-4.88 t/ha. In dry years, the methods of minimal soil cultivation contributed to obtaining higher yields: increase of winter wheat amounted to 0.12-0.14 t/ha, for barley - 0.22-0.41 t/ha. The classic method of tillage resulted in the highest yields of potato cultivation - to 32.4 t/ha, barley - to 4.04 t/ha, spring vetch -to 2.73 t/ha. The minimum method without autumn tillage reduced the yield of all crops in crop rotations to 30 % and the economic efficiency of their cultivation by 9-15 %. The best results of economic efficiency in the cultivation of grain crops and spring vetch are obtained by replacing the classical method of tillage with the minimum-1, which provided an increase in the level of profitability in crop rotations from 10 to 17 %. The efficiency of the minimum-2 variant of soil tillage in the cultivation of spring and winter wheat was at the same level as the classical method, in the cultivation of barley and spring vetch it was 5-10 % lower. In potato cultivation the best results of economic efficiency are obtained with the classical method (from 67% to 82 %). Use of the 1st and 2nd minimum methods of tillage led to the reduce in the cost of fuel by 35-40 % and to increase in the productivity of tillage units by 2.2 and 2.5 times.
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