Influence de la fertilisation azotée et de la concurrence monospécifique de Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. Clayton sur le maïs dans l’Ouest du Burkina Faso

Abstract

In Burkina Faso, maize is the most important cereal in terms of production. Its production is confronted with poor soils and high infestation of weeds such as Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. Clayton. This study aims to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilization and the level of weed infestation of Rottboellia cochinchinensis on maize productivity. The effects of three nitrogen doses of 0, 100 and 150 kg/ha urea 46 % were compared in condition of increasing weedy of R. cochinchinensis. Estimation of the potential weed infestation revealed 293 seeds/m² of R. cochinchinensis. The application of 150 kg/ha of urea reduced the effect of R. cochinchinensis at 30 weedy Day (WD) by rapid growth of maize and an average yield greater than 2.5 t/ha. However, a nitrogen deficiency (0 kg/ha) induced a 19.5 % reduction in maize height between 70 and 95 WD. In addition, this deficiency reduced grain yield by 66.6 % with 30 WD of maize compared to the treatment with 150 kg/ha of urea. Nevertheless, an early weeding combined with 150 kg/ha of urea, allows to control the weediness of Rottboellia cochinchinensis and to improve the productivity of grain maize.

Keywords

• maize
• rottboellia cochinchinensis
• harmfulness
• soil seed stock
• burkina faso