PECULIARITIES OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SECRETORY COMPONENTS OF THE HEART UNDER INFLUENCE OF HEMODYNAMIC OVERLOAD

Abstract

. In this research were described mast cells and secretory myocardiocytus of heart in a norm, and also changes of their consisting of heart of rats in the conditions of experimental aortic narrowing and at the action of epinephrin and deхamethazon. It is set that distinctions are in morphology of secretory components of different departments of heart. The study of the heart as an endocrine organ has attracted the attention of researchers for many years, but a number of issues remain debatable today. Of particular interest is the study of the morphology of the components of the heart, which are responsible for the synthesis, accumulation and secretion of biologically active substances. Aim: to establish the morphofunctional state of the secretory components of the heart in normal conditions and in the conditions of experimental hemodynamic overload of the heart. The material for the study was white rats, which were created with artificial coarctation of the aorta, the other two groups were exposed to adrenaline and dexamethasone. The number of SSG is the largest in the cardiomyocytes of the auricles of the heart, the smallest in the cardiomyocytes of the ventricles. There are differences in the morphofunctional state of tissue basophils in the ventricles, atria, and auricles, which is related to the differences in the structure of different parts of the heart. Hemodynamic overload of the myocardium is a powerful factor in the activation of the secretory components of the heart and stimulates the redistribution of topographic types of mast cells, the activation of their degranulation, which, under the conditions of prolonged action of the factor, leads to increased proliferation of fibroblasts and growth of connective tissue, which occurs during remodeling of the myocardium. Activation of secretory CMCs occurs in the form of an increase in secretory processes in the early stages of the effect of the factor, which can be considered as an additional reserve for compensation of overload. Adrenaline and dexamethasone have the opposite effect not only on the activity of tissue basophils of the heart, but also on their migration and number: the first activates the migration of mast cells into the perivascular space, the second inhibits the degranulation process due to its influence on the state of cell membranes.

Keywords

• heart,myoendocrine cells,mast cells,specific secretory granules,experiment.