CERN SPS electron cloud heat load measurements and simulations

Abstract

A calorimeter, WAMPAC, operating at room temperature has been designed and installed into the SPS to measure directly the electron cloud induced heat load due to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)-type proton beam. Theoretical behavior, calibrations, measurement protocols, preliminary results, and simulation benchmarking are presented. Scaling of the results to the LHC indicated a linear heating power in a LHC dipole of about 500 mW m^{-1} for 5×10^{10} protons/bunch^{-1} for a copper surface which is not fully conditioned (maximum of secondary electron yield ∼1.9).