PECULIARITIES OF CHANGES IN THE CONTENT OF MACROELEMENTS IN THE BONES OF THE KNEE JOINT AT ITS DIABETIC DAMAGE

Abstract

Joint damage in patients with diabetes is a fairly common complication. Features of changes in macroelements in the femur and tibia and the structure of the knee joint in diabetes have not been studied enough. The purpose of research – to study the features of the macroelement composition of the femur and tibia in diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint. Methods and Material. The content of macroelements (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium), the ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the femur and tibia of 45 laboratory mature white male rats, which were divided into 3 groups were examined by atomic absorption spectral analysis. The 1 group consisted of 15 intact practically healthy animals, the 2 – 15 rats with monthly diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint, the 3 – 15 animals with two-month of this pathology. Histological micropreparations were also made from the joint, femur and tibia, which were used to determine the relative volumes of damaged chondrocytes and synoviocytes, and the relative volumes of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone tissue. A correlation analysis was performed between the studied morphometric parameters and the content of macroelements. Diabetes mellitus was simulated by a single intraperitoneal administration of Sigma streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically. Results and Discussion. It has been established that in diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint the content of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium decreases disproportionately and unevenly, the sodium content increases in the bone tissue of the femur and tibia. The calcium content in the femur in monthly diabetic arthropathy decreased by 7.0%, and in the tibia – by 9.0%, in two-month arthropathy, the studied indicators changed by 10.8% and 13.7%, respectively (p<0.001), phosphorus – by 10.5%, 16.4%, 14.7% and 20.1%, respectively. The content of magnesium in monthly diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint in the femur decreased by 8.4%, in the tibia – by 12.6%, in the two-month course of simulated pathology – by 16.8% and 22.9%, respectively (p<0.001). The sodium content in the femur and tibia in the studied experimental conditions increased. The Ca/P ratio changed significantly in simulated hyperglycemia and depended on the duration of diabetic arthropathy and dominated the tibia. Simulated diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint leads to an uneven, disproportionate decrease of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and an increase of sodium in the femur and tibia. The most pronounced imbalance between the content of the studied macroelements was found in two-month of diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint and in the tibia, which affects the violation of the processes of chondrogenesis, mineralization and osteogenesis.

Keywords

• knee joint
• diabetic arthropathy
• macroelements
• femur
• tibia.