Toxics (Feb 2025)

The Effect of [Glu][H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>] via Foliar Spraying on Cadmium and Arsenic Absorption and Translocation in Rice Plants

  • Jiawei Deng,
  • Lin Fu,
  • Yanan Wang,
  • Changbo Zhang,
  • Yun Deng,
  • Xin Luo,
  • Gilles Mailhot

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020133
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 2
p. 133

Abstract

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Rice is the main source of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in Chinese diet. The formulation of targeted agronomic interventions for mitigating Cd and As bioaccumulation in rice grains constitutes a critical pathway toward ensuring food safety and public health security. Foliar spraying technology with ionic liquids, effectively reduces Cd/As content in rice. In this study, an ionic liquid of amino acids ([Glu][H2PO4]) as a foliar conditioner was applied to two varieties of rice (X24 and Z35) to explore the mechanism of reducing the accumulation of Cd/As in rice. The results showed that [Glu][H2PO4] reduced Cd/As levels by up to 58.57% and 44.09%, respectively. [Glu][H2PO4] reduced the transfer factor from the root system to flag leaves, nodes, and other organs, thus reducing the Cd/As content in them. [Glu][H2PO4] promoted amino acid synthesis in seeds, increased Ca2+ level, increased OsGLR3.1–3.5 expression, and decreased OsLsi1–3 expression in flag leaves, thereby Cd/As was inhibited from being absorbed and transported by rice. The results demonstrated that the foliar application of [Glu][H2PO4] significantly mitigated the accumulation of Cd/As in rice. This study introduces a novel and effective strategy for reducing Cd/As accumulation in rice, hoping to enhance the safety and quality of rice crops.

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