Nutrición Hospitalaria (Jun 2011)
Incidencia de complicaciones del soporte nutricional en pacientes críticos: estudio multicéntrico Incidence of nutritional support complications in critical patients: multicenter study
Abstract
Introducción: el soporte nutricional (SN) genera complicaciones que deben detectarse y tratarse oportunamente. Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia de algunas complicaciones del soporte nutricional en pacientes críticamente enfermos. Material y métodos: estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo, prospectivo en pacientes con SN en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Las variables estudiadas fueron diagnóstico médico, estado nutricional, duración del SN, vía de acceso, tipo de fórmula y diez complicaciones. Resultados: 419 pacientes evaluados, 380 recibieron nutrición enteral (NE) y 39 nutricional parenteral (NP). La complicación de mayor incidencia de la NE fue el residuo gástrico alto (24,2%), seguido de la diarrea (14%) y el retiro de la sonda (6,6%). El residuo gástrico alto y la diarrea se asociaron con la duración del SN (p Introduction: nutritional support (NS) leads complications that must be detected and prompt treated. Objective: to estimate the incidence of some complications of nutritional support in critically ill patients. Materials and methods: a multicenter, descriptive, prospective study in patients with NS in intensive care units. Studied variables included medical diagnosis, nutritional status, length of NS, path, type of formula and ten complications. Results: 419 patients evaluated, 380 received enteral nutrition (EN) and 39 parenteral nutrition (PN). The high gastric residue was the most incident complication in the ENS (24.2%), followed by diarrhea (14%) and withdrawal tube (6.6%). The high gastric residue and diarrhea were associated with the duration of the NS (p < 0.05). For the PNS the complication most incidents were hypophosphatemia (38.5%), followed by catheter sepsis (15.4%). The duration of the NS was associated with cholestasis, sepsis and hypophosphatemia (p < 0.05). Conclusions: complications of highest incidence were the high gastric residue for EN and hypophosphatemia for the PN; the withdrawal of the tube is a complication that claims further monitoring. The duration of the NS was the variable that showed greater association with the complications studied. Is a must to get consensus on complications definitions for comparisons establishment and best international standards target, furthermore propose protocols in order to decrease complications incidence of NS to fulfill the critical ill patient requirements.
