Challenges Faced and Lessons Learned: The Journey of a 22-Year-Old Male with a Mechanical Heart Valve Complicated by Ischemic Stroke in a Developing Country: A Sub–Saharan Africa Prospect

Abstract

Sura Markos,1 Yegzeru Belete,2 Abdulkerim Girma,3 Molla Derbew4 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia; 2School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia; 3Department of Radiology, New York Internal Medicine Specialty Clinic, Hawassa, Ethiopia; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Sura Markos; Yegzeru Belete, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: This report reviews an Ethiopian patient who underwent cardiac surgery and had a mechanical heart valve implanted on the mitral valve with tricuspid valve repair for rheumatic heart disease via a local non-profit organization donation later complicated by cardio-embolic stroke, and aims to describe the challenges faced by patients from rural Ethiopia who require cardiac surgery for rheumatic heart disease and narrate the importance of careful follow-up. The lessons to be drawn from this case are that careful follow-up and adherence to prescribed Vitamin K antagonists after surgery for mechanical heart valves are critical and, when such patients are lost to follow-up as was witnessed in this case, it can induce lifelong morbidity. Morbidity that could have been avoided with strict and meticulous follow-up and with standardized patient tracing or contact systems. When patients are lost to follow-up it needs to be top priority to trace them after cardiac surgery and this report highlights the pivotal role of the health education in such populations. Unless we utilize this opportunity to unlock the door and embrace a systemic approach to reforming our risk assessment, referral chain system, and integration of various healthcare professionals in patient follow-up, as well as enhancing health education among our patients in rural Ethiopia and other low-income countries, the consequences could prove to be significant. Preventing such fatal complications is far superior to managing them afterwards, as it not only saves on expenses but also saves lives and enhances quality-of-life.Keywords: anticoagulation, mechanical valve, cardioembolic stroke, sub-Sahara

Keywords

• anticoagulation
• mechanical valve
• cardioembolic stroke
• sub-sahara