Biosynthesized ZnO-NPs Using Sea Cucumber (Holothuria impatiens): Antimicrobial Potential, Insecticidal Activity and In Vivo Toxicity in Nile Tilapia Fish, Oreochromis niloticus

Mostafa A. Elbahnasawy; Hussein A. El-Naggar; Ibrahim E. Abd-El Rahman; Mohamed H. Kalaba; Saad A. Moghannem; Fatimah Al-Otibi; Reham M. Alahmadi; Othman F. Abdelzaher; Mohamed M. Mabrouk; Ahmed G. A. Gewida; Marwa F. AbdEl-Kader; Ahmed I. Hasaballah

doi:10.3390/separations10030173

Separations (Mar 2023)

Biosynthesized ZnO-NPs Using Sea Cucumber (Holothuria impatiens): Antimicrobial Potential, Insecticidal Activity and In Vivo Toxicity in Nile Tilapia Fish, Oreochromis niloticus

Mostafa A. Elbahnasawy,
Hussein A. El-Naggar,
Ibrahim E. Abd-El Rahman,
Mohamed H. Kalaba,
Saad A. Moghannem,
Fatimah Al-Otibi,
Reham M. Alahmadi,
Othman F. Abdelzaher,
Mohamed M. Mabrouk,
Ahmed G. A. Gewida,
Marwa F. AbdEl-Kader,
Ahmed I. Hasaballah

Affiliations

Mostafa A. Elbahnasawy: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
Hussein A. El-Naggar: Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
Ibrahim E. Abd-El Rahman: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 32897, Egypt
Mohamed H. Kalaba: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
Saad A. Moghannem: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
Fatimah Al-Otibi: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Reham M. Alahmadi: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Othman F. Abdelzaher: Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
Mohamed M. Mabrouk: Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 32897, Egypt
Ahmed G. A. Gewida: Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 32897, Egypt
Marwa F. AbdEl-Kader: Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, A.R.C., Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
Ahmed I. Hasaballah: Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10030173
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 10, no. 3
p. 173

Abstract

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In this study, a sustainable and eco-friendly method was used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using a sea cucumber aqueous extract. Then, ZnO-NPs were characterized by instrumental analysis (UV-vis, HR-TEM, XRD, FT-IR, and DLS) and evaluated for their possible antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal activities. Additionally, the toxicity of ZnO-NPs was evaluated in vivo against Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The sea cucumber was collected from the Gulf of Suez (Red Sea) at Al-Ain Al-Sokhna coast in Egypt and identified as Holothuria impatiens. The prepared Hi-ZnO-NPs peaked at 350 nm in UV–Vis spectral analysis. They showed quasi-spherical shaped particles with sizes ranging from 13 nm to 47 nm and a predominate size of 26 nm as indicated by HR-TEM. The XRD pattern of Hi-ZnO-NPs revealed a crystalline phase with an average size of 17.2 nm as calculated by Debye–Scherrer equation. FTIR analysis revealed the possible role of H. impatiens biological molecules in the biosynthesis process of ZnO-NPs. Hi-ZnO-NPs showed a negative zeta potential of −19.6 mV, demonstrating moderate stability. Biosynthesized Hi-ZnO-NPs revealed broad antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. feacalis), Gram-negative bacteria (S. typhi, K. pneumonia and E. coli), and filamentous fungi (Aspergillus niger). Hi-ZnO-NPs demonstrated larvicidal activity against the mosquito, Culex pipiens (LC50 = 2.756 ppm and LC90 = 9.294 ppm), and adulticidal action against the housefly, Musca domestica (LD50 = 4.285 ppm and LD90 = 22.847 ppm). Interestingly, Hi-ZnO-NPs did not show mortality effects against Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus), highlighting the potential safety of Hi-ZnO-NPs to highly exposed, non-target organisms. However, histopathological and hematological investigations provided dose-dependent impacts of Hi-ZnO-NPs to Nile tilapia. Overall, data provide an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing novel Hi-ZnO-NPs with multiple biomedical properties and potentially low toxicity to Nile tilapia fish.

Published in Separations

ISSN: 2297-8739 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Science: Physics; Science: Chemistry
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/separations

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