Physical Review X (Nov 2017)

Simultaneous, Full Characterization of a Single-Photon State

  • Tim Thomay,
  • Sergey V. Polyakov,
  • Olivier Gazzano,
  • Elizabeth Goldschmidt,
  • Zachary D. Eldredge,
  • Tobias Huber,
  • Vivien Loo,
  • Glenn S. Solomon

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.041036
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 7, no. 4
p. 041036

Abstract

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As single-photon sources become more mature and are used more often in quantum information, communications, and measurement applications, their characterization becomes more important. Single-photon-like light is often characterized by its brightness, as well as two quantum properties: the suppression of multiphoton content and the photon indistinguishability. While it is desirable to obtain these quantities from a single measurement, currently two or more measurements are required. Here, we show that using two-photon (n=2) number-resolving detectors, one can completely characterize single-photon-like states in a single measurement, where previously two or more measurements were necessary. We simultaneously determine the brightness, the suppression of multiphoton states, the indistinguishability, and the statistical distribution of Fock states to third order for a quantum light source. We find n≥3 number-resolving detectors provide no additional advantage in the single-photon characterization. The new method extracts more information per experimental trial than a conventional measurement for all input states and is particularly more efficient for statistical mixtures of photon states. Thus, using this n=2, number-resolving detector scheme will provide advantages in a variety of quantum optics measurements and systems.