Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Asthma: Association with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Takashi Oda,
Hiroshi Iwamoto,
Sachio Takeno,
Tomohiro Kawasumi,
Kota Takemoto,
Manabu Nishida,
Nobuyuki Chikuie,
Yuichiro Horibe,
Kakuhiro Yamaguchi,
Shinjiro Sakamoto,
Naoko Higaki,
Takayuki Taruya,
Yasushi Horimasu,
Takeshi Masuda,
Takao Hamamoto,
Taku Nakashima,
Takashi Ishino,
Tsutomu Ueda,
Kazunori Fujitaka,
Hironobu Hamada,
Noboru Hattori
Affiliations
Takashi Oda
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Hiroshi Iwamoto
Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Sachio Takeno
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Tomohiro Kawasumi
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Kota Takemoto
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Manabu Nishida
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Nobuyuki Chikuie
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Yuichiro Horibe
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Shinjiro Sakamoto
Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Naoko Higaki
Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Takayuki Taruya
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Yasushi Horimasu
Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Takeshi Masuda
Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Takao Hamamoto
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Taku Nakashima
Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Takashi Ishino
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Tsutomu Ueda
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Kazunori Fujitaka
Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Hironobu Hamada
Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Noboru Hattori
Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction is a clinical sign that is important to detect with coexistent upper airway comorbidities in patients with asthma. This study aimed to investigate the etiology of olfactory dysfunction in patients with asthma and the relationship between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels. Materials and Methods: This study included 47 asthma patients who were evaluated for olfactory dysfunction at Hiroshima University Hospital between 2012 and 2020. The etiologies of olfactory dysfunction were evaluated, and they were classified according to the FeNO levels of patients with asthma. Results: Olfactory dysfunction was observed in 30 patients with asthma, with chronic rhinosinusitis (77%) being the most prevalent etiology. Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) was the most prevalent etiology of olfactory dysfunction in asthma patients with high FeNO levels (≥25 ppb), while non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (NCRS) was the most prevalent etiology in asthma patients with low FeNO levels (Conclusions: We found that ECRS was the predominant cause of olfactory dysfunction in patients with high FeNO levels, while NCRS was more common in those with low FeNO levels. The present study showed that both ECRS and NCRS are common etiologies of olfactory dysfunction in patients with asthma. Additionally, this study supports the link between upper and lower airway inflammation in patients with asthma complicated with olfactory dysfunction.
