CRISPR-Based Biosensors for Medical Diagnosis: Readout from Detector-Dependence Detection Toward Naked Eye Detection
Kai Hu,
Weihong Yin,
Yunhan Bai,
Jiarui Zhang,
Juxin Yin,
Qiangyuan Zhu,
Ying Mu
Affiliations
Kai Hu
State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Weihong Yin
State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Yunhan Bai
State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Jiarui Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Juxin Yin
Academy of Edge Intelligence, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
Qiangyuan Zhu
State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Ying Mu
State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
The detection of biomarkers (such as DNA, RNA, and protein) plays a vital role in medical diagnosis. The CRISPR-based biosensors utilize the CRISPR/Cas system for biometric recognition of targets and use biosensor strategy to read out biological signals without the employment of professional operations. Consequently, the CRISPR-based biosensors demonstrate great potential for the detection of biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. However, the signal readout still relies on specialized detectors, limiting its application in on-site detection for medical diagnosis. In this review, we summarize the principles and advances of the CRISPR-based biosensors with a focus on medical diagnosis. Then, we review the advantages and progress of CRISPR-based naked eye biosensors, which can realize diagnosis without additional detectors for signal readout. Finally, we discuss the challenges and further prospects for the development of CRISPR-based biosensors.
