The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2023)
Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar PKS 0735+178 in Spatial and Temporal Coincidence with an Astrophysical Neutrino Candidate IceCube-211208A
- A. Acharyya,
- C. B. Adams,
- A. Archer,
- P. Bangale,
- J. T. Bartkoske,
- P. Batista,
- W. Benbow,
- A. Brill,
- J. H. Buckley,
- J. L. Christiansen,
- A. J. Chromey,
- M. Errando,
- A. Falcone,
- Q. Feng,
- G. M. Foote,
- L. Fortson,
- A. Furniss,
- G. Gallagher,
- W. Hanlon,
- D. Hanna,
- O. Hervet,
- C. E. Hinrichs,
- J. Hoang,
- J. Holder,
- T. B. Humensky,
- W. Jin,
- P. Kaaret,
- M. Kertzman,
- M. Kherlakian,
- D. Kieda,
- T. K. Kleiner,
- N. Korzoun,
- S. Kumar,
- M. J. Lang,
- M. Lundy,
- G. Maier,
- C. E McGrath,
- M. J. Millard,
- J. Millis,
- C. L. Mooney,
- P. Moriarty,
- R. Mukherjee,
- S. O’Brien,
- R. A. Ong,
- M. Pohl,
- E. Pueschel,
- J. Quinn,
- K. Ragan,
- P. T. Reynolds,
- D. Ribeiro,
- E. Roache,
- I. Sadeh,
- A. C. Sadun,
- L. Saha,
- M. Santander,
- G. H. Sembroski,
- R. Shang,
- M. Splettstoesser,
- A. Kaushik Talluri,
- J. V. Tucci,
- V. V. Vassiliev,
- A. Weinstein,
- D. A. Williams,
- S. L. Wong,
- J. Woo,
- The VERITAS Collaboration,
- F. Aharonian,
- J. Aschersleben,
- M. Backes,
- V. Barbosa Martins,
- R. Batzofin,
- Y. Becherini,
- D. Berge,
- K. Bernlöhr,
- B. Bi,
- M. Böttcher,
- C. Boisson,
- J. Bolmont,
- M. de Bony de Lavergne,
- J. Borowska,
- M. Bouyahiaoui,
- F. Bradascio,
- M. Breuhaus,
- R. Brose,
- F. Brun,
- B. Bruno,
- T. Bulik,
- C. Burger-Scheidlin,
- S. Caroff,
- S. Casanova,
- R. Cecil,
- J. Celic,
- M. Cerruti,
- T. Chand,
- S. Chandra,
- A. Chen,
- J. Chibueze,
- O. Chibueze,
- G. Cotter,
- S. Dai,
- J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye,
- A. Djannati-Ataï,
- A. Dmytriiev,
- V. Doroshenko,
- S. Einecke,
- J.-P. Ernenwein,
- G. Fichet de Clairfontaine,
- M. Filipovic,
- G. Fontaine,
- M. Füßling,
- S. Funk,
- S. Gabici,
- S. Ghafourizadeh,
- G. Giavitto,
- D. Glawion,
- J. F. Glicenstein,
- P. Goswami,
- G. Grolleron,
- L. Haerer,
- J. A. Hinton,
- T. L. Holch,
- M. Holler,
- D. Horns,
- M. Jamrozy,
- F. Jankowsky,
- V. Joshi,
- I. Jung-Richardt,
- E. Kasai,
- K. Katarzyński,
- R. Khatoon,
- B. Khélifi,
- S. Klepser,
- W. Kluźniak,
- K. Kosack,
- D. Kostunin,
- R. G. Lang,
- S. Le Stum,
- A. Lemière,
- J.-P. Lenain,
- F. Leuschner,
- T. Lohse,
- A. Luashvili,
- I. Lypova,
- J. Mackey,
- D. Malyshev,
- V. Marandon,
- P. Marchegiani,
- A. Marcowith,
- G. Martí-Devesa,
- R. Marx,
- A. Mitchell,
- R. Moderski,
- L. Mohrmann,
- A. Montanari,
- E. Moulin,
- T. Murach,
- K. Nakashima,
- J. Niemiec,
- A. Priyana Noel,
- P. O’Brien,
- L. Olivera-Nieto,
- E. de Ona Wilhelmi,
- M. Ostrowski,
- S. Panny,
- M. Panter,
- G. Peron,
- D. A. Prokhorov,
- G. Pühlhofer,
- M. Punch,
- A. Quirrenbach,
- P. Reichherzer,
- A. Reimer,
- O. Reimer,
- H. Ren,
- M. Renaud,
- F. Rieger,
- B. Rudak,
- E. Ruiz-Velasco,
- V. Sahakian,
- A. Santangelo,
- M. Sasaki,
- J. Schäfer,
- F. Schüssler,
- H. M. Schutte,
- U. Schwanke,
- J. N. S. Shapopi,
- A. Specovius,
- S. Spencer,
- Ł. Stawarz,
- R. Steenkamp,
- S. Steinmassl,
- I. Sushch,
- H. Suzuki,
- T. Takahashi,
- T. Tanaka,
- R. Terrier,
- C. van Eldik,
- M. Vecchi,
- J. Veh,
- C. Venter,
- J. Vink,
- R. White,
- A. Wierzcholska,
- Yu Wun Wong,
- M. Zacharias,
- D. Zargaryan,
- A. A. Zdziarski,
- A. Zech,
- S. Zouari,
- N. Żywucka,
- The H.E.S.S. Collaboration,
- K. Mori
Affiliations
- A. Acharyya
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- C. B. Adams
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, Columbia University , New York, NY 10027, USA
- A. Archer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University , Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA
- P. Bangale
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- J. T. Bartkoske
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- P. Batista
- ORCiD
- DESY , Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- W. Benbow
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- A. Brill
- ORCiD
- N.A.S.A./Goddard Space-Flight Center , Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- J. H. Buckley
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Washington University , St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- J. L. Christiansen
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 94307, USA
- A. J. Chromey
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- M. Errando
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Washington University , St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- A. Falcone
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Q. Feng
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- G. M. Foote
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- L. Fortson
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- A. Furniss
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay , Hayward, CA 94542, USA
- G. Gallagher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ball State University , Muncie, IN 47306, USA
- W. Hanlon
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- D. Hanna
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- O. Hervet
- ORCiD
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- C. E. Hinrichs
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, 6127 Wilder Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
- J. Hoang
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- J. Holder
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- T. B. Humensky
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA and NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- W. Jin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- P. Kaaret
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa , Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- M. Kertzman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University , Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA
- M. Kherlakian
- DESY , Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- D. Kieda
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- T. K. Kleiner
- ORCiD
- DESY , Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- N. Korzoun
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- S. Kumar
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- M. J. Lang
- ORCiD
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway , University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
- M. Lundy
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- G. Maier
- ORCiD
- DESY , Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- C. E McGrath
- School of Physics, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- M. J. Millard
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa , Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- J. Millis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ball State University , Muncie, IN 47306, USA
- C. L. Mooney
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- P. Moriarty
- ORCiD
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway , University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
- R. Mukherjee
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University , NY 10027, USA
- S. O’Brien
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- R. A. Ong
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- M. Pohl
- ORCiD
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam , 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany and DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; [email protected]
- E. Pueschel
- ORCiD
- DESY , Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- J. Quinn
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- K. Ragan
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- P. T. Reynolds
- Department of Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University , Bishopstown, Cork T12 P928, Ireland
- D. Ribeiro
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- E. Roache
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- I. Sadeh
- ORCiD
- DESY , Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- A. C. Sadun
- ORCiD
- Campus Box 157 , P.O.Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217, USA
- L. Saha
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- M. Santander
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- G. H. Sembroski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- R. Shang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University , NY 10027, USA
- M. Splettstoesser
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- A. Kaushik Talluri
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- J. V. Tucci
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- V. V. Vassiliev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- A. Weinstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University , Ames, IA 50011, USA
- D. A. Williams
- ORCiD
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- S. L. Wong
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- J. Woo
- ORCiD
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University , New York, NY 10027, USA ; [email protected]
- The VERITAS Collaboration
- F. Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies , 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland; Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- J. Aschersleben
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
- M. Backes
- ORCiD
- University of Namibia , Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- V. Barbosa Martins
- ORCiD
- DESY , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; [email protected]
- R. Batzofin
- ORCiD
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Y. Becherini
- ORCiD
- Université de Paris , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France ; [email protected]; Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University , SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- D. Berge
- ORCiD
- DESY , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; [email protected]; Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- K. Bernlöhr
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- B. Bi
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- M. Böttcher
- ORCiD
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- C. Boisson
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris , F-92190 Meudon, France
- J. Bolmont
- ORCiD
- Sorbonne Université , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
- M. de Bony de Lavergne
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
- J. Borowska
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- M. Bouyahiaoui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- F. Bradascio
- ORCiD
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France ; [email protected]
- M. Breuhaus
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- R. Brose
- ORCiD
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies , 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- F. Brun
- ORCiD
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France ; [email protected]
- B. Bruno
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- T. Bulik
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
- C. Burger-Scheidlin
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies , 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- S. Caroff
- ORCiD
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
- S. Casanova
- ORCiD
- Instytut Fizyki Ja̧drowej PAN , ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
- R. Cecil
- Universität Hamburg , Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- J. Celic
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- M. Cerruti
- ORCiD
- Université de Paris , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France ; [email protected]
- T. Chand
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- S. Chandra
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- A. Chen
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand , 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
- J. Chibueze
- ORCiD
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- O. Chibueze
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- G. Cotter
- ORCiD
- University of Oxford , Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- S. Dai
- ORCiD
- School of Science, Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia
- J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye
- ORCiD
- DESY , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; [email protected]
- A. Djannati-Ataï
- ORCiD
- Université de Paris , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France ; [email protected]
- A. Dmytriiev
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- V. Doroshenko
- ORCiD
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- S. Einecke
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide , Adelaide 5005, Australia
- J.-P. Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- G. Fichet de Clairfontaine
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris , F-92190 Meudon, France
- M. Filipovic
- ORCiD
- School of Science, Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia
- G. Fontaine
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris , F-91128 Palaiseau, France
- M. Füßling
- DESY , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; [email protected]
- S. Funk
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- S. Gabici
- Université de Paris , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France ; [email protected]
- S. Ghafourizadeh
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg , Königstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- G. Giavitto
- ORCiD
- DESY , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; [email protected]
- D. Glawion
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- J. F. Glicenstein
- ORCiD
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France ; [email protected]
- P. Goswami
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- G. Grolleron
- Sorbonne Université , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
- L. Haerer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- J. A. Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- T. L. Holch
- ORCiD
- DESY , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; [email protected]
- M. Holler
- Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck , Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- D. Horns
- Universität Hamburg , Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- M. Jamrozy
- ORCiD
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński , ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
- F. Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg , Königstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- V. Joshi
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- I. Jung-Richardt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- E. Kasai
- University of Namibia , Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- K. Katarzyński
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- R. Khatoon
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- B. Khélifi
- ORCiD
- Université de Paris , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France ; [email protected]
- S. Klepser
- ORCiD
- DESY , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; [email protected]
- W. Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
- K. Kosack
- ORCiD
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France ; [email protected]
- D. Kostunin
- ORCiD
- DESY , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; [email protected]
- R. G. Lang
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- S. Le Stum
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- A. Lemière
- Université de Paris , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France ; [email protected]
- J.-P. Lenain
- ORCiD
- Sorbonne Université , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
- F. Leuschner
- ORCiD
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- T. Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- A. Luashvili
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris , F-92190 Meudon, France
- I. Lypova
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg , Königstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- J. Mackey
- ORCiD
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies , 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- D. Malyshev
- ORCiD
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- V. Marandon
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- P. Marchegiani
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand , 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
- A. Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier , CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- G. Martí-Devesa
- ORCiD
- Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck , Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- R. Marx
- ORCiD
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg , Königstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- A. Mitchell
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- R. Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
- L. Mohrmann
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- A. Montanari
- ORCiD
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg , Königstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- E. Moulin
- ORCiD
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France ; [email protected]
- T. Murach
- ORCiD
- DESY , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; [email protected]
- K. Nakashima
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- J. Niemiec
- ORCiD
- Instytut Fizyki Ja̧drowej PAN , ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
- A. Priyana Noel
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński , ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
- P. O’Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester , University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- L. Olivera-Nieto
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- E. de Ona Wilhelmi
- DESY , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; [email protected]
- M. Ostrowski
- ORCiD
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński , ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
- S. Panny
- ORCiD
- Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck , Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- M. Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- G. Peron
- Université de Paris , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France ; [email protected]
- D. A. Prokhorov
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- G. Pühlhofer
- ORCiD
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- M. Punch
- ORCiD
- Université de Paris , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France ; [email protected]
- A. Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg , Königstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- P. Reichherzer
- ORCiD
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France ; [email protected]
- A. Reimer
- ORCiD
- Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck , Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- O. Reimer
- Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck , Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- H. Ren
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- M. Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier , CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- F. Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- B. Rudak
- ORCiD
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
- E. Ruiz-Velasco
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- V. Sahakian
- ORCiD
- Yerevan Physics Institute , 2 Alikhanian Brothers St., 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- A. Santangelo
- ORCiD
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- M. Sasaki
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- J. Schäfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- F. Schüssler
- ORCiD
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France ; [email protected]
- H. M. Schutte
- ORCiD
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- U. Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- J. N. S. Shapopi
- ORCiD
- University of Namibia , Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- A. Specovius
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- S. Spencer
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Ł. Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński , ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
- R. Steenkamp
- University of Namibia , Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- S. Steinmassl
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- I. Sushch
- ORCiD
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- H. Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Konan University , 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
- T. Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- T. Tanaka
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Konan University , 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
- R. Terrier
- ORCiD
- Université de Paris , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France ; [email protected]
- C. van Eldik
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- M. Vecchi
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
- J. Veh
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- C. Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- J. Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- R. White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- A. Wierzcholska
- ORCiD
- Instytut Fizyki Ja̧drowej PAN , ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
- Yu Wun Wong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- M. Zacharias
- ORCiD
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg , Königstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- D. Zargaryan
- ORCiD
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies , 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- A. A. Zdziarski
- ORCiD
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
- A. Zech
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris , F-92190 Meudon, France
- S. Zouari
- ORCiD
- Université de Paris , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France ; [email protected]
- N. Żywucka
- ORCiD
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- The H.E.S.S. Collaboration
- K. Mori
- Physics Department, Columbia University , New York, NY 10027, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace327
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 954,
no. 1
p. 70
Abstract
We report on multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar PKS 0735+178, located 2.°2 away from the best-fit position of the IceCube neutrino event IceCube-211208A detected on 2021 December 8. The source was in a high-flux state in the optical, ultraviolet, X-ray, and GeV γ -ray bands around the time of the neutrino event, exhibiting daily variability in the soft X-ray flux. The X-ray data from Swift-XRT and NuSTAR characterize the transition between the low-energy and high-energy components of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), and the γ -ray data from Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and H.E.S.S. require a spectral cutoff near 100 GeV. Both the X-ray and γ -ray measurements provide strong constraints on the leptonic and hadronic models. We analytically explore a synchrotron self-Compton model, an external Compton model, and a lepto-hadronic model. Models that are entirely based on internal photon fields face serious difficulties in matching the observed SED. The existence of an external photon field in the source would instead explain the observed γ -ray spectral cutoff in both the leptonic and lepto-hadronic models and allow a proton jet power that marginally agrees with the Eddington limit in the lepto-hadronic model. We show a numerical lepto-hadronic model with external target photons that reproduces the observed SED and is reasonably consistent with the neutrino event despite requiring a high jet power.
Keywords
