Bioglass functionalization of laser-patterned bioceramic surfaces and their enhanced bioactivity
Elia Marin,
Satoshi Horiguchi,
Matteo Zanocco,
Francesco Boschetto,
Alfredo Rondinella,
Wenliang Zhu,
Ryan M. Bock,
Bryan J. McEntire,
Tetsuya Adachi,
B. Sonny Bal,
Giuseppe Pezzotti
Affiliations
Elia Marin
Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan; Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; Corresponding author at: Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan.
Satoshi Horiguchi
Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
Matteo Zanocco
Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
Francesco Boschetto
Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
Alfredo Rondinella
Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
Wenliang Zhu
Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
Ryan M. Bock
Amedica Corporation, 1885 West 2100 South, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Bryan J. McEntire
Amedica Corporation, 1885 West 2100 South, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Tetsuya Adachi
Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
B. Sonny Bal
Amedica Corporation, 1885 West 2100 South, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Giuseppe Pezzotti
Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023 Tokyo, Japan; The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan; Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi dori, 602-0841 Kyoto, Japan
The surfaces of silicon nitride (β-Si3N4) and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) were patterned using a high-energy laser source, which operated at a wavelength of 1064 nm. The patterning procedure yielded a series regular, cylindrical cavities 500 and 300 μm in diameter and depth, respectively. These cavities were subsequently filled with bioglass mixed with different fractions of Si3N4 powder (0, 5, and 10 mol.%) to obtain bioactive functionalized bioceramic surfaces. The laser-patterned samples were first characterized using several spectroscopic techniques before and after functionalization, and then tested in vitro with respect to their osteoconductivity using a human osteosarcoma cell line (SaOS-2). After in vitro testing, fluorescence microscopy was used to address the biological response and to estimate osteopontin and osteocalcin protein contents and distributions. The presence of bioglass greatly enhanced the biological response of both ceramic surfaces, but mainly induced production of inorganic apatite. On the other hand, the addition of minor fraction of Si3N4 into the bioglass-filled holes greatly enhanced bio-mineralization and stimulated the SaOS-2 cells to produce higher amounts of bone extracellular matrix (collagen and proteins), thus enhancing the osteopontin to osteocalcin ratio. It was also observed that the presence of a fraction of Si3N4 in the powder mixture filling the holes bestowed more uniform cell colonization on the otherwise bioinert ZTA surface.
