Associations of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use, with nocturia and urge urinary incontinence in US adults

Abstract

Introduction Associations of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use, with nocturia and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) remain unclear. We performed this study to investigate the associations of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use, with nocturia and UUI. Methods This is a secondary analysis using data from the 2005 to 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants aged ≥20 years were included. The use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes and symptoms of nocturia and UUI were self-reported. Logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odd ratios (AORs) of nocturia and UUI for cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use. Subgroup analyses were conducted among participants with prostate cancer. Results Compared to never cigarette users, current and former cigarette users had higher odds of nocturia (AOR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.02–1.23; AOR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.01–1.24; all p<0.05) and UUI (AOR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.09–1.39; AOR=1.13; 95% CI: 1.03–1.24; all p<0.01). Compared to never e-cigarette users, current e-cigarette users had higher odds of nocturia (AOR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.01–2.02; p<0.05) and UUI (AOR=1.56; 95% CI: 1.13–2.16; p<0.01) and former e-cigarette users had higher odds of UUI (AOR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.02–1.62; p<0.05). Dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes had higher odds of nocturia (AOR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.03–2.51; p<0.05) and UUI (AOR=1.79; 95% CI: 1.19–2.68; p<0.01) compared to never users. In participants with prostate cancer, current cigarette use was associated with higher odds of UUI (AOR=2.40; 95% CI: 1.04–5.57; p<0.05. Conclusions This study found that cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use were associated with higher odds of nocturia and UUI. Cohort studies are needed to determine the causality of this cross-sectional assessment.

Keywords

• cigarette
• e-cigarette
• dual use
• nocturia
• urge urinary incontinence