Classification of Beads from the Nomadic Burials of the Golden Horde Period

Abstract

A classification of the beads from nomadic burials of the Golden Horde period located in the Lower Volga region is presented in the article. The finds have been classified according to the following parameters: material, manufacturing method, shape, size and color. Monochrome glass beads of simple shapes comprise the bulk of the findings. The range of their colors can be associated with the special significance of certain colors for the nomads. Beads made of faience are represented in relatively small quantities, while those made of rock crystal and carnelian are met in rare instances. Organic materials are predominantly represented by pearls and mother-of-pearl. The diversity of the jewelry items made of different materials attests to the existence of extensive trade and cultural ties maintained by the Volga river region prior to and during the Golden Horde period.

Keywords

• the Lower Volga river region
• the Golden Horde
• the nomads
• burials
• beads
• classification
• decorative materials
• color symbolism