Isorhamnetin: A Nematocidal Flavonoid from <i>Prosopis laevigata</i> Leaves Against <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> Eggs and Larvae
Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez,
Alejandro Zamilpa,
Manasés González-Cortazar,
Agustín Olmedo-Juárez,
Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa,
Ernesto Sánchez-Mendoza,
Daniel Tapia-Maruri,
David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez,
Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
Affiliations
Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Morelos, Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales (CEIB-UAEM) Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62209, México
Alejandro Zamilpa
Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, CIBIS-IMSS, Argentina 1, Col Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos CP 62790, México
Manasés González-Cortazar
Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, CIBIS-IMSS, Argentina 1, Col Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos CP 62790, México
Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID-SAI-INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Col. Progreso C.P. 62550 Jiutepec, Morelos A.P. 206-CIVAC, México
Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa
Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Morelos, Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales (CEIB-UAEM) Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62209, México
Ernesto Sánchez-Mendoza
Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, CDMX CP 04960, México
Daniel Tapia-Maruri
Departamento de Biotecnología, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla Km 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos CP 62731, México
David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez
Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC-UAEM), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62209, México
Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID-SAI-INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Col. Progreso C.P. 62550 Jiutepec, Morelos A.P. 206-CIVAC, México
Haemonchus contortus affect small ruminants all over the world. Anthelmintics cause resistance, contamination, and a risk of public health. Prosopis laevigata is a plant used as a home remedy against many diseases in Mexico. This study arose from a preliminary study where a P. laevigata hydroalcoholic extract (Pl-hae) showed anthelmintic activity (aa) against H. contortus. Searching for bioactive compounds (bac) with high aa, the Pl-hae was fractioned obtaining an aqueous (Aq-F) and an ethyl acetate fraction (EtAc-F), and a flavonoid with aa identified as isorhamnetin was obtained from EtAc-F. Both fractions were in vitro assessed by the egg hatch test (eht) and larval mortality (lm) assays. The bac obtained from EtAc-F were characterised by NMR analysis. The highest aa were recorded with EtAc-F, resulting in 100% eht and 80.45% lm at 0.75 and 30 mg/mL, respectively. Alterations in eggs and larvae attributed to isorhamnetin were recorded by environmental scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning and by high-resolution digital-coupled camera. This flavonoid caused 100% eht at 0.07 mg/mL after 48 h and 100% lm at 7.5 mg/mL after 72 h exposure. Isorhamnetin has promising potential as an anthelmintic against sheep haemonchosis.