The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (Jan 2024)
The Simons Observatory: Design, Integration, and Testing of the Small Aperture Telescopes
- Nicholas Galitzki,
- Tran Tsan,
- Jake Spisak,
- Michael Randall,
- Max Silva-Feaver,
- Joseph Seibert,
- Jacob Lashner,
- Shunsuke Adachi,
- Sean M. Adkins,
- Thomas Alford,
- Kam Arnold,
- Peter C. Ashton,
- Jason E. Austermann,
- Carlo Baccigalupi,
- Andrew Bazarko,
- James A. Beall,
- Sanah Bhimani,
- Bryce Bixler,
- Gabriele Coppi,
- Lance Corbett,
- Kevin D. Crowley,
- Kevin T. Crowley,
- Samuel Day-Weiss,
- Mark J. Devlin,
- Simon Dicker,
- Brooke DiGia,
- Peter N. Dow,
- Cody J. Duell,
- Shannon M. Duff,
- Remington G. Gerras,
- John C. Groh,
- Jon E. Gudmundsson,
- Kathleen Harrington,
- Masaya Hasegawa,
- Erin Healy,
- Shawn W. Henderson,
- Johannes Hubmayr,
- Jeffrey Iuliano,
- Bradley R. Johnson,
- Brian Keating,
- Ben Keller,
- Kenji Kiuchi,
- Anna M. Kofman,
- Brian J. Koopman,
- Akito Kusaka,
- Adrian T. Lee,
- Richard A. Lew,
- Lawrence T. Lin,
- Michael J. Link,
- Tammy J. Lucas,
- Marius Lungu,
- Aashrita Mangu,
- Jeffrey J McMahon,
- Amber D. Miller,
- Jenna E. Moore,
- Magdy Morshed,
- Hironobu Nakata,
- Federico Nati,
- Laura B. Newburgh,
- David V. Nguyen,
- Michael D. Niemack,
- Lyman A. Page,
- Kana Sakaguri,
- Yuki Sakurai,
- Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao,
- Lauren J. Saunders,
- Jordan E. Shroyer,
- Junna Sugiyama,
- Osamu Tajima,
- Atsuto Takeuchi,
- Refilwe Tanah Bua,
- Grant Teply,
- Tomoki Terasaki,
- Joel N. Ullom,
- Jeffrey L. Van Lanen,
- Eve M. Vavagiakis,
- Michael R Vissers,
- Liam Walters,
- Yuhan Wang,
- Zhilei Xu,
- Kyohei Yamada,
- Kaiwen Zheng
Affiliations
- Nicholas Galitzki
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USA; Weinberg Institute for Theoretical Physics , Texas Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Tran Tsan
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Jake Spisak
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Michael Randall
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Max Silva-Feaver
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Joseph Seibert
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Jacob Lashner
- ORCiD
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Shunsuke Adachi
- ORCiD
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Sean M. Adkins
- ORCiD
- Wave2 Enterprises , Kailua Kona, HI 96740, USA
- Thomas Alford
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Kam Arnold
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Peter C. Ashton
- ORCiD
- SRI International , Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Jason E. Austermann
- ORCiD
- Quantum Sensors Division , NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Carlo Baccigalupi
- ORCiD
- The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) , via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy; The National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) , via Valerio 2, I-34127, Trieste, Italy; The Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe (IFPU) , Via Beirut 2, I-34151, Trieste, Italy
- Andrew Bazarko
- ORCiD
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- James A. Beall
- ORCiD
- Quantum Sensors Division , NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Sanah Bhimani
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Bryce Bixler
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Gabriele Coppi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Milano—Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 3-20126 Milano, Italy
- Lance Corbett
- Department of Physics, University of California—Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kevin D. Crowley
- ORCiD
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Kevin T. Crowley
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Samuel Day-Weiss
- ORCiD
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Mark J. Devlin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Simon Dicker
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Brooke DiGia
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California—Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Peter N. Dow
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Cody J. Duell
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Shannon M. Duff
- ORCiD
- Quantum Sensors Division , NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Remington G. Gerras
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- John C. Groh
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Jon E. Gudmundsson
- ORCiD
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University , Stockholm, Sweden; Science Institute, University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Kathleen Harrington
- ORCiD
- High Energy Physics Division , Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Masaya Hasegawa
- ORCiD
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Erin Healy
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Shawn W. Henderson
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Johannes Hubmayr
- ORCiD
- Quantum Sensors Division , NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Jeffrey Iuliano
- Department of Physics, Villanova University , 800 E. Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
- Bradley R. Johnson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Brian Keating
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Ben Keller
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kenji Kiuchi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Anna M. Kofman
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Brian J. Koopman
- ORCiD
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Akito Kusaka
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo , Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Adrian T. Lee
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California—Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Richard A. Lew
- ORCiD
- Quantum Sensors Division , NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Lawrence T. Lin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Michael J. Link
- Quantum Sensors Division , NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Tammy J. Lucas
- ORCiD
- Quantum Sensors Division , NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Marius Lungu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Aashrita Mangu
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California—Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Jeffrey J McMahon
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , Batavia, IL 60510, USA
- Amber D. Miller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Jenna E. Moore
- ORCiD
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Magdy Morshed
- ORCiD
- Université Paris Cité , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS-UCB International Research Laboratory , Centre Pierre Binétruy, IRL2007, CPB-IN2P3, Berkeley, USA
- Hironobu Nakata
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Federico Nati
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Milano—Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 3-20126 Milano, Italy
- Laura B. Newburgh
- ORCiD
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- David V. Nguyen
- ORCiD
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Michael D. Niemack
- Department of Physics, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Lyman A. Page
- ORCiD
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Kana Sakaguri
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Yuki Sakurai
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo , Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Faculty of Engineering, Suwa University of Science , Nagano, 391-0292, Japan
- Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao
- ORCiD
- Raman Research Institute , Bengaluru, Karnataka 560080, India
- Lauren J. Saunders
- ORCiD
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , Batavia, IL 60510, USA
- Jordan E. Shroyer
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Junna Sugiyama
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Osamu Tajima
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Atsuto Takeuchi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Refilwe Tanah Bua
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Grant Teply
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Tomoki Terasaki
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Joel N. Ullom
- ORCiD
- Quantum Sensors Division , NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Jeffrey L. Van Lanen
- Quantum Sensors Division , NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Eve M. Vavagiakis
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Michael R Vissers
- ORCiD
- Quantum Sensors Division , NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Liam Walters
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Yuhan Wang
- ORCiD
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Zhilei Xu
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Kyohei Yamada
- ORCiD
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Kaiwen Zheng
- ORCiD
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad64c9
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 274,
no. 2
p. 33
Abstract
The Simons Observatory (SO) is a cosmic microwave background survey experiment that includes small-aperture telescopes (SATs) observing from an altitude of 5200 m in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The SO SATs will cover six spectral bands between 27 and 280 GHz to search for primordial B-modes to a sensitivity of σ ( r ) = 0.002, with quantified systematic errors well below this value. Each SAT is a self-contained cryogenic telescope with a 35° field of view, 42 cm diameter optical aperture, 40 K half-wave plate, 1 K refractive optics, and 12,000 transition edge sensor detectors. We describe the nominal design of the SATs and present details about the integration and testing for one operating at 93 and 145 GHz.
Keywords
