ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СПІЛЬНОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ПОВИТУХИ ТА АКУШЕРКИ В РОДИЛЬНІЙ ОБРЯДОВОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ТА РУМУНСЬКОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ БУКОВИНИ / SPECIFICS OF THE CONCURRENT FUNCTIONING OF A MIDWIVES AND OBSTETRICIANS IN MATERNITY RITES OF UKRAINIAN AND ROMANIAN POPULATION IN BUKOVYNA

Abstract

Мойсей Антоний. Особенности совместного функционирования повитухи и акушерки в родильной обрядности украинского и румынского населения Буковины. В предлагаемом вниманию читателя исследовании, на основе этнографических и статистических данных, характерных для Буковины, отслеживается процесс исчезновения одного из действующих персонажей родильной обрядности повитухи (моши) под давлением новых реалий, созданных официальной медициной. Проблема рассматривается в компаративном ключе, с учетом многовекового сосуществования украинского и румынского населения в буковинской этнографической зоне. Ключевые слова: повитуха, Моша, акушерка, Буковина, Черновицкая область, родильная обрядность Moysey Antoniy. Specifics of the concurrent functioning of a midwives and obstetricians in maternity rites of Ukrainian and Romanian population in Bukovyna. The proposed research deals with the process of disappearance of the one of characters in maternity rituals - the midwife (Mosha) under the pressure of new realities created by official medicine. The article is based on ethnographic and historical data of the Bukovyna region. Historiography and Source investigate presented topics in comparative perspective, shows how it was described theese problems by Romanian and Ukrainian ethnographers. Some attention was paid to terminology midwife name and its etymology. For insight into the problem by using a building material obtained during field research. It allows to the author to indicate midwifes and obstetricians function in a traditional century’s period: medical, social and magical activities. The word Midwife is used for indication the person, who used own empirical knowledge before, during and after accouchement; performed special magical effect on the whole process of childbirth. As a result of her activities midwife acquired high social status in rural communities. Church cooperated with her and recognizes all midwife magical actions. Respect her job the village citizen have been protected and she enjoyed uncommon love their patients. She was one of the most respected persons for all village families, bathing, christenings, weddings and even burials. Along with the development of the official medicine, this became progress especially in the second half of the nineteenth century. Bukovyna as a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and its Bessarabian part (today’s Chernivtsi region), which administratively belonged to the Russian Empire, began a noticeable pressure on midwives as communities character. The article presents a statistical analysis of the growth of special medical establishmentsin the Bukovinian region during XIX - early XX centuries, until the complete disappearance of the midwife (Mosha) in public family rituals. At the same time the process followed to reduce the influence of this important character, and transformation its function and some elements of its activities. Key words: the midwife, “mosha”, the obstetrician, Bukovyna, Chernivtsi region, puerperal rites.

Keywords

• повитуха
• Моша
• акушерка
• Буковина
• Черновицкая область
• родильная обрядность
• the midwife
• “mosha”
• the obstetrician
• Bukovyna
• Chernivtsi region
• puerperal rites.