Thyroid Disorder and Association of Insulin Antibodies with Thyroid Antibodies in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: During past decade, type 1 diabetes (T1DM) disease burden has increased among all ages, but the rapid growth was seen in young children. It is quite common to have coexistence of other autoimmune disorders among children having T1DM.Objective: To evaluate the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in children having T1DM and association of insulin antibodies with thyroid antibodies in TIDM.Study type,settings& duration:This cross-sectional study was performed at Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi fromJune to December 2021.Methodology:Children of age 2-17 years with T1DM were enrolled for this the study. Patients’ socio-demographic and clinical profile was documented in a pre-designed proforma. SPSS version 21 was used for statistical analysis.Results:Mean age of patients was 10.49±4.24 years. Out of 133 children, 59.4% were females. 18.79% were positive for Insulin autoantibody, while 16.5% were positive for IA-2 and 33.1% for generalized anxiety disorder(GAD). 22.6% of patients were positive for thyroid peroxidase (TPO)and 39.09% were positive for Tg-AB. A total of 84.2% of subjects had euthyroidism, 13.53% of subjects had hypothyroidism (subclinical or clinical) while 2.3% had hyperthyroidism. A significant association among the subjects with positive insulin autoantibodies and those with thyroglobulin antibodies was observed.Conclusion:A positive association between Insulin and Thyroglobulin antibodies suggests that patients with positive insulin antibodies are more likely to have thyroglobulin antibodies. Therefore, it is imperative to test and manage these markers on a frequent and regular basis to avoid the aggravation of the health of the patients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords

• type 1 diabetes mellitus
• hypothyroidism
• hyperthyroidism
• autoinsuline antibodies
• antithyroid antibodies