Optimum Structural Design of Self-Supported Shelter for Tsunami Evacuation in Padang City

Abstract

A Self-Supported Shelter is a building that has an area about 100 m2 to 1000 m2 designated as a temporary vertical shelter for tsunami evacuation. The Self-Supported Shelter is built and managed by the community. That size of shelter is fit for mosques or mushollas (small Mosques) which is about 700 units spreading in the districts of Padang City. The Self-Supported Shelters are proposed since the number of vertical shelter is very limited at the moment. There are only four vertical shelters available in Padang City which are built by Government with capacity 2000-3000 people. Meanwhile, there is at least 600,000 people of Padang City must be evacuated in case of tsunami. There are four reasons for proposing the mosques or mushollas to be vertical shelters: First, that kind of building are available to small sub-district. Second, the land may be free to be developed. Third, they have an organization chosen by the community. Forth, it is easy to get construction funding for the religion reason. However, the community does not have guidance for developing a shelter for tsunami evacuation. This study is purposing to develop the optimum design of shelter in term of structural analysis. Here, the shelters are categorized into three types base on the area of the mosque or musholla: 10m x10m, 20m x20m and 30m x30m. Frame Structural Systems are used for the main structure of the building with or without the bracing system are involved. The optimum structural design is taken based on the strongest structure to restrain the applied loads. The soil-structure interaction analysis is also considered in to get a more reliable design. The results of the study may be used to guide the communities to build a proper shelter in their area