Management of glioblastoma in elderly patients: A review of the literature

Abstract

High grade gliomas are the most common primary aggressive brain tumours with a very poor prognosis and a median survival of less than 2 years. The standard management protocol of newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients involves surgery followed by radiotherapy, chemotherapy in the form of temozolomide and further adjuvant temozolomide. The recent advances in molecular profiling of high-grade gliomas have further enhanced our understanding of the disease. Although the management of glioblastoma is standardised in newly diagnosed adult patients there is a lot of debate regarding the best treatment approach for the newly diagnosed elderly glioblastoma patients.In this review article we attempt to summarise the findings regarding surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and their combination in order to offer the best possible management modality for this group of patients. Elderly patients 65–70 with an excellent functional level could be considered as candidates for the standards treatment consisting of surgery, standard radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide. Similarly, elderly patients above 70 with good functional status could receive the above with the exception of receiving a shorter course of radiotherapy instead of standard. In elderly GBM patients with poorer functional status and MGMT promoter methylation temozolomide chemotherapy can be considered. For elderly patients who cannot tolerate chemotherapy, hypofractionated radiotherapy is an option.In contrast to the younger adult patients, it seems that a careful individualised approach is a key element in deciding the best treatment options for this group of patients.

Keywords

• Glioblastoma
• Elderly
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiotherapy
• Glioma