Frontiers in Oncology (Feb 2024)

Epidemiology of childhood acute leukemias in marginalized populations of the central-south region of Mexico: results from a population-based registry

  • Janet Flores-Lujano,
  • Aldo Allende-López,
  • David Aldebarán Duarte-Rodríguez,
  • Erika Alarcón-Ruiz,
  • Lizbeth López-Carrillo,
  • Teresa Shamah-Levy,
  • Mariano E. Cebrián,
  • Ma. del Rocío Baños-Lara,
  • Ma. del Rocío Baños-Lara,
  • Diana Casique-Aguirre,
  • Diana Casique-Aguirre,
  • Jesús Elizarrarás-Rivas,
  • Javier Antonio López-Aquino,
  • Miguel Ángel Garrido-Hernández,
  • Daniela Olvera-Caraza,
  • Vanessa Terán-Cerqueda,
  • Karina Beatriz Martínez-José,
  • Pierre Mitchel Aristil-Chery,
  • Enoch Alvarez-Rodríguez,
  • Enoch Alvarez-Rodríguez,
  • Wilfrido Herrera-Olivares,
  • Guillermo J. Ruíz-Arguelles,
  • Lénica Anahí Chavez-Aguilar,
  • Aquilino Márquez-Toledo,
  • Lena Sarahi Cano-Cuapio,
  • Nuria Citlalli Luna-Silva,
  • Maria Angélica Martínez-Martell,
  • Anabel Beatriz Ramirez-Ramirez,
  • Laura Elizabeth Merino-Pasaye,
  • César Alejandro Galván-Díaz,
  • Aurora Medina-Sanson,
  • Maria de Lourdes Gutiérrez-Rivera,
  • Jorge Alfonso Martín-Trejo,
  • Emmanuel Rodriguez-Cedeño,
  • Vilma Carolina Bekker-Méndez,
  • María de los Ángeles Romero-Tlalolini,
  • Astin Cruz-Maza,
  • Astin Cruz-Maza,
  • Gerardo Juárez-Avendaño,
  • Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia,
  • Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Espinosa,
  • Miriam Carmina Suárez-Aguirre,
  • Miriam Carmina Suárez-Aguirre,
  • Fernando Herrera-Quezada,
  • Anahí Hernández-Díaz,
  • Lizbeth Alondra Galván-González,
  • Minerva Mata-Rocha,
  • Amanda Idaric Olivares-Sosa,
  • Haydeé Rosas-Vargas,
  • Silvia Jiménez-Morales,
  • Mariana Cárdenas-González,
  • María Elena Álvarez-Buylla Roces,
  • Célida Duque-Molina,
  • Rosana Pelayo,
  • Rosana Pelayo,
  • Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré,
  • Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré,
  • Juan Carlos Núñez-Enriquez,
  • Juan Carlos Núñez-Enriquez

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1304263
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14

Abstract

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IntroductionAcute leukemias (AL) are the main types of cancer in children worldwide. In Mexico, they represent one of the main causes of death in children under 20 years of age. Most of the studies on the incidence of AL in Mexico have been developed in the urban context of Greater Mexico City and no previous studies have been conducted in the central-south of the country through a population-based study. The aim of the present work was to identify the general and specific incidence rates of pediatric AL in three states of the south-central region of Mexico considered as some of the marginalized populations of Mexico (Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca).MethodsA population-based study was conducted. Children aged less than 20 years, resident in these states, and newly diagnosed with AL in public/private hospitals during the period 2021-2022 were identified. Crude incidence rates (cIR), standardized incidence rates (ASIRw), and incidence rates by state subregions (ASIRsr) were calculated. Rates were calculated using the direct and indirect method and reported per million children under 20 years of age. In addition, specific rates were calculated by age group, sex, leukemia subtype, and immunophenotype.ResultsA total of 388 cases with AL were registered. In the three states, the ASIRw for AL was 51.5 cases per million (0-14 years); in Puebla, it was 53.2, Tlaxcala 54.7, and Oaxaca de 47.7. In the age group between 0-19 years, the ASIRw were 44.3, 46.4, 48.2, and 49.6, in Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca, respectively. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most common subtype across the three states.ConclusionThe incidence of childhood AL in the central-south region of Mexico is within the range of rates reported in other populations of Latin American origin. Two incidence peaks were identified for lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias. In addition, differences in the incidence of the disease were observed among state subregions which could be attributed to social factors linked to the ethnic origin of the inhabitants. Nonetheless, this hypothesis requires further investigation.

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