Engineering Sodium Metal Anode with Sodiophilic Bismuthide Penetration for Dendrite-Free and High-Rate Sodium-Ion Battery
Wanyu Zhao,
Min Guo,
Zhijun Zuo,
Xiaoli Zhao,
Huanglin Dou,
Yijie Zhang,
Shiying Li,
Zichen Wu,
Yayun Shi,
Zifeng Ma,
Xiaowei Yang
Affiliations
Wanyu Zhao
Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Min Guo
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
Zhijun Zuo
Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Xiaoli Zhao
Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Huanglin Dou
Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Yijie Zhang
Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Shiying Li
Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Zichen Wu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Yayun Shi
Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Zifeng Ma
Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Corresponding authors.
Xiaowei Yang
Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China; Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Corresponding authors.
Sodium (Na) metal batteries with a high volumetric energy density that can be operated at high rates are highly desirable. However, an uneven Na-ion migration in bulk Na anodes leads to localized deposition/dissolution of sodium during high-rate plating/stripping behaviors, followed by severe dendrite growth and loose stacking. Herein, we engineer the Na hybrid anode with sodiophilic Na3Bi-penetration to develop the abundant phase-boundary ionic transport channels. Compared to intrinsic Na, the reduced adsorption energy and ion-diffusion barrier on Na3Bi ensure even Na+ nucleation and rapid Na+ migration within the hybrid electrode, leading to uniform deposition and dissolution at high current densities. Furthermore, the bismuthide enables compact Na deposition within the sodiophilic framework during cycling, thus favoring a high volumetric capacity. Consequently, the obtained anode was endowed with a high current density (up to 5 mA∙cm−2), high areal capacity (up to 5 mA∙h∙cm−2), and long-term cycling stability (up to 2800 h at 2 mA∙cm−2).
